{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:26:29Z","timestamp":1785403589331,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Huons Co., Ltd","award":["HUN2-551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HUN2-551"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miq. has been cultivated in China for a long time and used as a medicinal plant called \u201cBeishashen\u201d in traditional Chinese medicine and has been traditionally known to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, but its direct role in periodontitis has not been known. Currently used periodontal treatments require long-term administration, which causes many side effects. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effects of G. littoralis extract (GLE) on periodontitis in an experimental periodontitis-induced in vitro and vivo model and understood its potential molecular mechanism. The effect of GLE on periodontitis in vitro was investigated using human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells mediated by PG-LPS. Additionally, a ligature-induced periodontitis model and a PG-LPS-induced periodontal inflammation model were used to investigate the effect of GLE in vivo. In vitro study results showed that GLE down-regulated the increased inflammatory cytokines and mediators in HPDL cells stimulated with PG-LPS, and simultaneously down-regulated the levels of 11\u03b2-HSD1 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), thereby alleviating periodontal inflammation. At the same time, it restored the lost osteoblast differentiation potential of HPDL cells. In addition, in an in vivo model representatively used for periodontitis research, the periodontal inflammation-alleviating effect and the effect of restoring or protecting damaged periodontal tissue were confirmed. GLE can be considered as a new periodontitis treatment agent through regulating 11\u03b2-HSD1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30142903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T09:38:27Z","timestamp":1752140307000},"page":"2903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ameliorating Effect of Glehnia littoralis Extract on Periodontitis Through Regulation of 11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in an Experimental Periodontitis Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Eun-Nam","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5619-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Minh","family":"Trang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chae Lee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Research Division, HuonsGlobal Bldg., Pangyo 13449, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6918-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Yoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Research Division, HuonsGlobal Bldg., Pangyo 13449, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4865-6506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MinKyun","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil-Saeng","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1504","article-title":"Periodontal disease and its prevention, by traditional and new avenues","volume":"19","author":"Mann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. 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