{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:49:20Z","timestamp":1792813760650,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Program of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment: Integration of Ecological and Environmental Protection in Yangtze River Delta","award":["ZX2022QT047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZX2022QT047"]}]},{"name":"Program of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment: Integration of Ecological and Environmental Protection in Yangtze River Delta","award":["2021YFC1809205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC1809205"]}]},{"name":"Program of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment: Integration of Ecological and Environmental Protection in Yangtze River Delta","award":["ZXQT202301002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZXQT202301002"]}]},{"name":"Program of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment: Integration of Ecological and Environmental Protection in Yangtze River Delta","award":["GYZX220202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GYZX220202"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZX2022QT047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZX2022QT047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC1809205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC1809205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZXQT202301002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZXQT202301002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GYZX220202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GYZX220202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Innovative team project of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences","award":["ZX2022QT047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZX2022QT047"]}]},{"name":"the Innovative team project of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences","award":["2021YFC1809205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC1809205"]}]},{"name":"the Innovative team project of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences","award":["ZXQT202301002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZXQT202301002"]}]},{"name":"the Innovative team project of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences","award":["GYZX220202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GYZX220202"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["ZX2022QT047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZX2022QT047"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["2021YFC1809205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC1809205"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["ZXQT202301002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZXQT202301002"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["GYZX220202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GYZX220202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of semiconductors for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants has garnered considerable attention as a promising solution to environmental challenges. Compared to TiO2, BiPO4 exhibits superior photocatalytic activity. However, its large band gap restricts its light absorption to the UV region. One effective technique for extending BiPO4\u2019s absorption wavelength into the visible spectrum is the construction of the heterostructure. This study aimed to synthesize monodisperse BiPO4 nanorods via a solvothermal approach and fabricate BiPO4\/g-C3N4 heterojunctions with varying loadings through in situ deposition. Tetracyclines were employed as the target pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic performance and stability of the prepared materials. The results indicated that 5 wt% of composite exhibited better photocatalytic performance than single catalysts, which showed the highest photodegradation efficiency of approximately 98% for tetracyclines. The prepared bi-photocatalyst presented favorable stability under sunlight irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of which remained almost unchanged after four cycles. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the synergistic effect. Additionally, the possible degradation mechanism was elucidated utilizing the semiconductor energy band theory. Overall, this work presents new perspectives on synthesizing innovative and efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts. It also offers a mechanistic analysis approach by integrating theoretical calculations with experimental observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30142905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T09:38:27Z","timestamp":1752140307000},"page":"2905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Antibiotics by BiPO4\/g-C3N4: A Novel Heterojunction Nanocomposite with Nanorod\/Stacked-like Nanosheets Structure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moye","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8043-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinlin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.09.113","article-title":"Sorptive removal of tetracycline from water by palygorskite","volume":"165","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.06.013","article-title":"Ultrasound-enhanced magnetite catalytic ozonation of tetracycline in water","volume":"229","author":"Hou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3632-y","article-title":"Occurrence and distribution of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones, macrolides, and nitrofurans in livestock manure and amended soils of Northern China","volume":"22","author":"Hou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.148872","article-title":"Environmental-friendly synthesis of heterojunction photocatalysts g-C3N4\/BiPO4 with enhanced photocatalytic performance","volume":"544","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2018.02.067","article-title":"Simultaneously efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by Fe-based MOFs","volume":"519","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.09.010","article-title":"Prevalence and proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes in two municipal wastewater treatment plants","volume":"85","author":"Mao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122961","article-title":"Conventional and emerging technologies for removal of antibiotics from wastewater","volume":"400","author":"Phoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.11.183","article-title":"Role of peroxymonosulfate on enhancing ozonation for micropollutant degradation: Performance evaluation, mechanism insight and kinetics study","volume":"360","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/225728a0","article-title":"Decomposition of Isopropyl Alcohol photosensitized by Zinc Oxide","volume":"225","author":"Muller","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/238037a0","article-title":"Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode","volume":"238","author":"Fujishima","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.05.108","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of nitrogen-doped TiO2\/diatomite integrated photocatalytic pellet for the adsorption-degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride using visible light","volume":"302","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.128058","article-title":"Novel p-n heterojunction Bi2O3\/Ti3+-TiO2 photocatalyst enables the complete removal of tetracyclines under visible light","volume":"417","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa3145","article-title":"Metal-free efficient photocatalyst for stable visible water splitting via a two-electron pathway","volume":"347","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2016.11.009","article-title":"Sequential two-step hydrothermal growth of MoS2\/CdS core-shell heterojunctions for efficient visible light-driven photocatalytic H2 evolution","volume":"203","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2019.03.062","article-title":"Targeting inside charge carriers transfer of photocatalyst: Selective deposition of Ag2O on BiVO4 with enhanced UV\u2013vis-NIR photocatalytic oxidation activity","volume":"251","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14847","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm32800c","article-title":"Selective growth of Ag3PO4 submicro-cubes on Ag nanowires to fabricate necklace-like heterostructures for photocatalytic applications","volume":"22","author":"Bi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1039\/c3en00098b","article-title":"Recent advances in BiOX (X = Cl, Br and I) photocatalysts: Synthesis, modification, facet effects and mechanisms","volume":"1","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2012.06.063","article-title":"A one-pot method for the preparation of graphene-Bi2MoO6 hybrid photocatalysts that are responsive to visible-light and have excellent photocatalytic activity in the degradation of organic pollutants","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1021\/nl500022z","article-title":"Simultaneously efficient light absorption and charge separation in WO3\/BiVO4 Core\/shell nanowire photoanode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation","volume":"14","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssc.2011.05.057","article-title":"Preparation and visible light photocatalytic activity of Bi 2O3\/Bi2WO6 heterojunction photocatalysts","volume":"184","author":"Gui","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Solid State Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5570","DOI":"10.1021\/es101223n","article-title":"New Type of BiPO4 Oxy-Acid Salt Photocatalyst with High Photocatalytic Activity on Degradation of Dye","volume":"44","author":"Pan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2015.06.007","article-title":"Hexamethylenetetramine assisted hydrothermal synthesis of BiPO4 and its electrochemical properties for supercapacitors","volume":"86","author":"Nithya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2011.12.030","article-title":"Influence of OH-related defects on the performances of BiPO4 photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B","volume":"115\u2013116","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201303214","article-title":"Semiconductor composites: Strategies for enhancing charge carrier separation to improve photocatalytic activity","volume":"24","author":"Marschall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE03271C","article-title":"Visible-light driven heterojunction photocatalysts for water splitting\u2013a critical review","volume":"8","author":"Moniz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.03.059","article-title":"Photodegradation of sulfonamides by g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation: Effectiveness, mechanism and pathways","volume":"210","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b04178","article-title":"Sulfur-Doped g-C3N4\/BiVO4 Composite Photocatalyst for Water Oxidation under Visible Light","volume":"28","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52332","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA10038G","article-title":"Novel 3-D nanoporous graphitic-C3N4 nanosheets with heterostructured modification for efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production","volume":"4","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.02.025","article-title":"Ultrasonic chemical synthesis of hybrid mpg-C3N4\/BiPO4 heterostructured photocatalysts with improved visible light photocatalytic activity","volume":"207","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B-Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201708748","article-title":"MoB\/g-C3N4 interface materials as a schottky catalyst to boost hydrogen evolution","volume":"130","author":"Zhuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1021\/es902852v","article-title":"Aquatic photochemistry of fluoroquinolone antibiotics: Kinetics, pathways, and multivariate effects of main water constituents","volume":"44","author":"Ge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2007.09.015","article-title":"Fabrication of anatase-type TiO2 films by reactive pulsed laser deposition for photocatalyst application","volume":"202","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11164-014-1856-6","article-title":"Silver vanadate nanowires: Photocatalytic properties and theoretical calculations","volume":"41","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Chem. Intermed."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2018.09.217","article-title":"Room-temperature in situ fabrication and enhanced photocatalytic activity of direct Z-scheme BiOI\/g-C3N4 photocatalyst","volume":"465","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.07.191","article-title":"Room-temperature in situ fabrication of Bi2O3\/g-C3N4 direct Z-scheme photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity","volume":"430","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2018.11.029","article-title":"Photocatalytic degradation of benzene over different morphology BiPO4: Revealing the significant contribution of high\u2013energy facets and oxygen vacancies","volume":"243","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-860X(01)00586-5","article-title":"A Langmuir\u2013Hinshelwood model for a hydrogen transfer mechanism in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene over a Pd\/\u03b3-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by the sol\u2013gel method","volume":"217","author":"Vincent","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. A Gen."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnsc.2012.11.007","article-title":"Photocatalytic degradation of benzene in gas phase by nanostructured BiPO4 catalysts","volume":"22","author":"Long","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.08.114","article-title":"Enhanced photocatalytic activity over flower-like sphere Ag\/Ag2CO3\/BiVO4 plasmonic heterojunction photocatalyst for tetracycline degradation","volume":"331","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.135471","article-title":"Construction of dual S-scheme Ag2CO3\/Bi4O5I2\/g-C3N4 heterostructure photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation for tetracycline","volume":"438","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2021.119461","article-title":"Accelerated photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride over CuAl2O4\/g-C3N4 p-n heterojunctions under visible light irradiation","volume":"277","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16424","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b03480","article-title":"Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres Modified g-C3N4\/Bi2O3 Direct Dual Semiconductor Photocatalytic System with Enhanced Antibiotics Degradation under Visible Light","volume":"6","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2024.122916","article-title":"Amorphous carbon nitride (C3N4)","volume":"631","author":"Durandurdu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Solids"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2015.12.023","article-title":"Fabrication of a novel p\u2013n heterojunction photocatalyst n-BiVO4@p-MoS2 with core\u2013shell structure and its excellent visible-light photocatalytic reduction and oxidation activities","volume":"185","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2018.05.089","article-title":"Highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene by Co3O4\/Bi2O2CO3 under visible light: A novel p\u2013n heterojunction nanocomposite with nanocrystals\/lotus-leaf-like nanosheets structure","volume":"237","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/14\/11\/301","article-title":"First-principles simulation: Ideas, illustrations and the CASTEP code","volume":"14","author":"Segall","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Phys.-Condens. Matter"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/14\/2905\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:07:19Z","timestamp":1760033239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/14\/2905"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30142905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30142905","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]}}}