{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:30:30Z","timestamp":1760059830290,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science of Bulgaria","award":["DO1-178\/2022","KP-06-N83\/7","BG-RRP-2.004-0008","IC-PL\/11\/2024-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DO1-178\/2022","KP-06-N83\/7","BG-RRP-2.004-0008","IC-PL\/11\/2024-2025"]}]},{"name":"Bulgarian Science Fund","award":["DO1-178\/2022","KP-06-N83\/7","BG-RRP-2.004-0008","IC-PL\/11\/2024-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DO1-178\/2022","KP-06-N83\/7","BG-RRP-2.004-0008","IC-PL\/11\/2024-2025"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU, through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria","award":["DO1-178\/2022","KP-06-N83\/7","BG-RRP-2.004-0008","IC-PL\/11\/2024-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DO1-178\/2022","KP-06-N83\/7","BG-RRP-2.004-0008","IC-PL\/11\/2024-2025"]}]},{"name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and Polish Academy of Sciences","award":["DO1-178\/2022","KP-06-N83\/7","BG-RRP-2.004-0008","IC-PL\/11\/2024-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DO1-178\/2022","KP-06-N83\/7","BG-RRP-2.004-0008","IC-PL\/11\/2024-2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bestrophinopathies are a group of inherited retinal diseases caused by mutations in the BEST1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene, bestorphin-1 (hBest1), is a calcium-dependent transmembrane channel localized on the basolateral membrane of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. We have already demonstrated the surface behavior and organization of recombinant hBest1 and its interactions with membrane lipids such as 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol (Chol) in models of biological membranes, which affect the hBest1 structure\u2013function relationship. The main aim of our current investigation is to integrate pure hBest1 protein into lipid bilayer nanostructures. We synthesized and characterized various hBest1-containing nanostructures based on 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), SM, glycerol monooleate (GMO) and Chol in different ratios and determined their cytotoxicity and incorporation into cell membranes and\/or cells by immunofluorescence staining. Our results show that these newly designed nanoparticles are not cytotoxic and that their incorporation into MDCK II cell membranes (used as a model system) may provide a mechanism that could be applied to RPE cells expressing mutated hBest1 in order to restore their ion transport functions, affected by mutated and malfunctioning hBest1 molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30142948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T09:56:54Z","timestamp":1752487014000},"page":"2948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design and Biological Evaluation of hBest1-Containing Bilayer Nanostructures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Pavel","family":"Bakardzhiev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teodora","family":"Koleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Sofia University \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d, Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirilka","family":"Mladenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Sofia University \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d, Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9428-861X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Videv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Sofia University \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d, Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5316-5835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veselina","family":"Moskova-Doumanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Sofia University \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d, Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6994-868X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Forys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u0142awomira","family":"Pusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4062-6043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonya","family":"Andreeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstra\u00dfe 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, \u201cAcad. G. Bonchev\u201d Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetla","family":"Petrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Sofia University \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d, Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Rangelov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Doumanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Sofia University \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d, Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/7.9.1517","article-title":"Mutations in a novel gene, VMD2, encoding a protein of unknown properties cause juvenile-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy (Best\u2019s disease)","volume":"7","author":"Marquardt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. 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