{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T19:26:41Z","timestamp":1782761201421,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and by the Russian Science Foundation","award":["122042600086-7 (IPP RAS)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["122042600086-7 (IPP RAS)"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and by the Russian Science Foundation","award":["122042700002-6 (MBG RAS)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["122042700002-6 (MBG RAS)"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and by the Russian Science Foundation","award":["AAAA-A21-121011290025-2 (CSBG SB RAS)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AAAA-A21-121011290025-2 (CSBG SB RAS)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The search for alternative sources of biologically active compounds of plant origin, including phenolic compounds (PCs), is of great importance in medicine and pharmacology. Morphophysiological characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, PCs content, phenolic profile, as well as antioxidant (AOA) and antiradical activity (ARA), were studied for in vitro rhododendrons\u2019 microshoots (R. smirnowii, R. PJM Elite, R. japonicum). The microshoots of R. PJM Elite had the highest photosynthetic pigments content (chlorophylls a and b), exceeding that of R. smirnowii and R. japonicum, it was 33% and 42%, respectively. The total phenolic content increased in the row R. PJM Elite &lt; R. smirnowii &lt; R. japonicum. Twelve to twenty phenolic compounds were identified in ethanol extracts of rhododendron microshoots, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin dominated in the phenolic complex of R. japonicum and R. smirnowii, whereas in R. PJM Elite, they were taxifolin and (\u2212)-epicatechin. The AOA and ARA evaluation in DPPH-radical system and the model of initiated liposomes oxidation allowed to determine the highest activity in both systems for R. japonicum extracts, which was not typical for the other two species extracts. A high correlation was found between AOA extracts and the flavonoid content in them. The results obtained indicate the prospects of using R. japonicum and R. PJM Elite microshoots as an alternative source of flavonols and flavanols, accordingly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30142949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T09:56:54Z","timestamp":1752487014000},"page":"2949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rhododendron Microshoot Culture as a Source of Phenolic Antioxidants for Biomedicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9306-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera M.","family":"Katanskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga G.","family":"Vasilyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena P.","family":"Khramova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630116 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8328-2829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia N.","family":"Sazhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9280-9450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgenia A.","family":"Goncharuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3341-4763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana L.","family":"Nechaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7704-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Y.","family":"Zubova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3228-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Aksenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-9985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr V.","family":"Lapshin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1457-9450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia V.","family":"Zagoskina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiocchio, I., Mandrone, M., Tomasi, P., Marincich, L., and Poli, F. (2021). Plant secondary metabolites: An opportunity for circular economy. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26020495"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Brief Review of Phenolic Compounds Identified from Plants: Their Extraction, Analysis, and Biological Activity","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egbuna, C., and Dable Tupas, G. (2020). Polyphenols: Classifications, Biosynthesis and Bioactivities. 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