{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:15:24Z","timestamp":1790716524045,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1700302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1700302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PC2023A01005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PC2023A01005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund","award":["2022YFD1700302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1700302"]}]},{"name":"Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund","award":["PC2023A01005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PC2023A01005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the approval of Bortezomib (Velcade\u00ae) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2003, boron-containing drugs have successfully entered the global market, spanning therapeutic areas such as anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal agents. Meanwhile, boron is an essential trace element for plant growth, and boronic acid has been widely used as plant resistance inducers and growth promoters. In 2024, the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) introduced benzoxaboroles as a new category of fungicides, which fully demonstrates the significant application potential of boron-containing compounds (BCCs) in the field of agricultural fungicides. Recently, studies on BCCs in agriculture have emerged continuously. Compared with the systematic reviews in the pharmaceutical field, those focusing on BCCs in agriculture remain absent. This review systematically collates BCCs with reported biological activities from the literature over the past 20 years, from the perspective of boron-containing building blocks. It mainly focuses on the potential of boronic acid derivatization and its activities in agrochemicals. Additionally, it covers the applications of boron-containing building blocks in pharmaceuticals, including their action mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30143018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T11:12:34Z","timestamp":1752837154000},"page":"3018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Potential of Boronic Acid Derivatization and Activity in Agrochemical Discovery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Liangshuo","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yachen","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6579-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz061","article-title":"Safety Concerns of Diamide Insecticides","volume":"171","author":"Csernoch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/03601230701316465","article-title":"Review of strobilurin fungicide chemicals","volume":"42","author":"Balba","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health B."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1126\/science.316.5828.1114","article-title":"Agbiotech: A growing threat down on the farm","volume":"316","author":"Service","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1705028","DOI":"10.1080\/15592324.2019.1705028","article-title":"GA signaling is essential for the embryo-to-seedling transition during Arabidopsis seed germination, a ghost story","volume":"15","author":"Hauvermale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15615","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c04820","article-title":"Comprehensive Overview of \u03b2-Methoxyacrylate Derivatives as Cytochrome Inhibitors for Novel Pesticide Discovery","volume":"70","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musso, L., Fabbrini, A., and Dallavalle, S. (2020). Natural Compound-Derived Cytochrome bc1 Complex Inhibitors as Antifungal Agents. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25194582"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-01465-4","article-title":"Address the growing urgency of fungal disease in crops","volume":"617","author":"Stukenbrock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00663","article-title":"The Rise of Boron-Containing Compounds: Advancements in Synthesis, Medicinal Chemistry, and Emerging Pharmacology","volume":"124","author":"Grams","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00526262","article-title":"Enhancement of the biological resistance of wood by phenylboronic acid treatment","volume":"44","author":"Yoshimura","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Wood Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(02)00174-7","article-title":"Natural occurrence of boron-containing compounds in plants, algae and microorganisms","volume":"163","author":"Dembitsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7909.2008.00742.x","article-title":"Boron in plants: Deficiency and toxicity","volume":"50","author":"Rexach","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, G.L., Siqueira, J.A., Batista-Silva, W., Cardoso, F.B., Nunes-Nesi, A., and Araujo, W.L. (2020). Boron: More Than an Essential Element for Land Plants?. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.610307"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16127","article-title":"Boron: An essential element for vascular plants","volume":"226","author":"Wimmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2025, July 16). FRAC Classification of Fungicides. Available online: https:\/\/www.frac.info\/media\/42keb12k\/frac-moa-poster-2024.pdf."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2814","article-title":"The versatility of boron in biological target engagement","volume":"9","author":"Diaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CS60197H","article-title":"Selection of boron reagents for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling","volume":"43","author":"Lennox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2025.142029","article-title":"Arylboronic acids in organic synthesis","volume":"1336","author":"Hajinasiri","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1956.01550040030005","article-title":"The use of boric acid in dermatologic practice","volume":"73","author":"Fisher","year":"1956","journal-title":"AMA Arch. Derm."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.06.092","article-title":"Boron in drug design: Recent advances in the development of new therapeutic agents","volume":"179","author":"Fernandes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112270","article-title":"Design and discovery of boronic acid drugs","volume":"195","author":"Plescia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.01.010","article-title":"Recent developments in the medicinal chemistry of single boron atom-containing compounds","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, B.C., Adil Shareef, M., Das, S., Nandwana, N.K., Das, Y., Saito, M., and Weiss, L.M. (2022). Boron-Containing heterocycles as promising pharmacological agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 63.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2022.116748"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, B.C., Nandwana, N.K., Das, S., Nandwana, V., Shareef, M.A., Das, Y., Saito, M., Weiss, L.M., Almaguel, F., and Hosmane, N.S. (2022). Boron Chemicals in Drug Discovery and Development: Synthesis and Medicinal Perspective. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092615"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0170","article-title":"United States Food and Drug Administration approval summary: Bortezomib for the treatment of progressive multiple myeloma after one prior therapy","volume":"12","author":"Kane","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-016-0548-5","article-title":"Ixazomib: First Global Approval","volume":"76","author":"Shirley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0169417","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01694-17","article-title":"Meropenem-Vaborbactam Resistance Selection, Resistance Prevention, and Molecular Mechanisms in Mutants of KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"61","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0276-7","article-title":"Tavaborole: First global approval","volume":"74","author":"Markham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2009.03.007","article-title":"Discovery and structure-activity study of a novel benzoxaborole anti-inflammatory agent (AN2728) for the potential topical treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis","volume":"19","author":"Akama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Messner, K., Vuong, B., and Tranmer, G.K. (2022). The Boron Advantage: The Evolution and Diversification of Boron\u2019s Applications in Medicinal Chemistry. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15030264"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2005.11.019","article-title":"Crystal structure of the boronic acid-based proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in complex with the yeast 20S proteasome","volume":"14","author":"Groll","year":"2006","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1142189","article-title":"An antifungal agent inhibits an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase by trapping tRNA in the editing site","volume":"316","author":"Rock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7820","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00952","article-title":"Stilbene Boronic Acids Form a Covalent Bond with Human Transthyretin and Inhibit Its Aggregation","volume":"60","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4156","DOI":"10.1021\/cr608202m","article-title":"Boron containing compounds as protease inhibitors","volume":"112","author":"Smoum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(04)00120-5","article-title":"The development of proteasome inhibitors as anticancer drugs","volume":"5","author":"Adams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2017.1268596","article-title":"The preclinical discovery and development of bortezomib for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"12","author":"Arkwright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"217","article-title":"Spotlight on ixazomib: Potential in the treatment of multiple myeloma","volume":"10","author":"Muz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.04.023","article-title":"The Logic of the 26S Proteasome","volume":"169","author":"Collins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8993","article-title":"The inhibition mechanism of human 20S proteasomes enables next-generation inhibitor design","volume":"353","author":"Schrader","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt118","article-title":"Activity of biapenem (RPX2003) combined with the boronate beta-lactamase inhibitor RPX7009 against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"68","author":"Livermore","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration (2025, July 16). FDA Approves New Antibacterial Drug, Available online: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/daf\/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=209776."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3682","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b00127","article-title":"Discovery of a Cyclic Boronic Acid beta-Lactamase Inhibitor (RPX7009) with Utility vs Class A Serine Carbapenemases","volume":"58","author":"Hecker","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b02364","article-title":"Conceptional Design of Self-Assembling Bisubstrate-like Inhibitors of Protein Kinase A Resulting in a Boronic Acid Glutamate Linkage","volume":"4","author":"Kirschner","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/em.21779","article-title":"An assessment of the genetic toxicology of novel boron-containing therapeutic agents","volume":"54","author":"Ciaravino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2014.04.065","article-title":"The unique chemistry of benzoxaboroles: Current and emerging applications in biotechnology and therapeutic treatments","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"6185","article-title":"Spotlight on tavaborole for the treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"9","author":"Jinna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7468","DOI":"10.1021\/jm050676a","article-title":"Identification of borinic esters as inhibitors of bacterial cell growth and bacterial methyltransferases, CcrM and MenH","volume":"48","author":"Benkovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4447","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0603724","article-title":"Discovery of a new boron-containing antifungal agent, 5-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2,1- benzoxaborole (AN2690), for the potential treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"49","author":"Baker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.7547\/16-154","article-title":"Examining the Benefits of the Boron-Based Mechanism of Action and Physicochemical Properties of Tavaborole in the Treatment of Onychomycosis","volume":"108","author":"Markinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.367","article-title":"MCL1 is deregulated in subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"27","author":"Wenzel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10299","DOI":"10.1021\/ja303436y","article-title":"Iminoboronates: A new strategy for reversible protein modification","volume":"134","author":"Cal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2174","article-title":"Inhibition of Mcl-1 through covalent modification of a noncatalytic lysine side chain","volume":"12","author":"Akcay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00105.x","article-title":"The penicillin-binding proteins: Structure and role in peptidoglycan biosynthesis","volume":"32","author":"Sauvage","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10839","DOI":"10.1021\/ja200696y","article-title":"Unexpected tricovalent binding mode of boronic acids within the active site of a penicillin-binding protein","volume":"133","author":"Zervosen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7600","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00445a015","article-title":"Structural analysis of specificity: Alpha-lytic protease complexes with analogues of reaction intermediates","volume":"28","author":"Bone","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biophys.27.1.249","article-title":"Inhibitors of HIV-1 protease: A major success of structure-assisted drug design","volume":"27","author":"Wlodawer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"131","article-title":"Resilience to resistance of HIV-1 protease inhibitors: Profile of darunavir","volume":"10","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.07.014","article-title":"Substrate envelope-designed potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors to avoid drug resistance","volume":"20","author":"Nalam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(98)00098-5","article-title":"Potent HIV protease inhibitors incorporating high-affinity P2-ligands and (R)-(hydroxyethylamino)sulfonamide isostere","volume":"8","author":"Ghosh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14015","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b07366","article-title":"Sub-picomolar Inhibition of HIV-1 Protease with a Boronic Acid","volume":"140","author":"Windsor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17706","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c01691","article-title":"Targeting Metalloenzymes by Boron-Containing Metal-Binding Pharmacophores","volume":"64","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062319","article-title":"Requirement of borate cross-linking of cell wall hamnogalacturonan II for growth","volume":"294","author":"Eberhard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1080\/03235408.2022.2052524","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo efficacy of some chemicals against common scab (Streptomyces scabies) of potato","volume":"55","author":"Habib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Phytopathol. Plant Prot."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"plae056","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/plae056","article-title":"Global mRNA profiling reveals the effect of boron as a crop protection tool against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum","volume":"16","author":"Cale","year":"2024","journal-title":"AoB Plants"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinko, K., Ivankovic, S., Lazarevic, B., Dermic, E., and Dermic, D. (2022). Control of Early Blight Fungus (Alternaria alternata) in Tomato by Boric and Phenylboronic Acid. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11030320"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7531","DOI":"10.14233\/ajchem.2013.15062","article-title":"Antifungal Activity of Methanol, Acetone and Diethyl Ether Extracts of Cyanobacteria Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi","volume":"25","author":"Perveen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.13795","article-title":"Intracellular and mitochondrial proteomic analysis reveals antifungal mechanisms of borate on mango black spot pathogen Alternaria alternata","volume":"73","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, X., Wang, M., Ling, N., Shen, Q.R., and Guo, S.W. (2016). Effects of iron and boron combinations on the suppression of wilt in banana. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38944"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"973","article-title":"Growth Stimulating and Fungicidal Properties of Succinic Acid Complexes with Silver, Copper and Boron Ions During Pre-Sowing Treatment of Soybean Seeds","volume":"26","author":"Kabdrakhmanova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-023-04913-3","article-title":"Effectiveness of bimetallic ZnO-B2O3 nanoparticles produced by Streptomyces gancidicus as prospective antifungal agents and therapeutic nutrients to enhance pea plant immunity against damping off-causing Pythium irregulare: In vivo and in vitro investigations","volume":"15","author":"Elkhodary","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomass Conv. Biorefin."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"83","article-title":"In vitro antifungal effect of phenylboronic and boric acid on Alternaria alternata","volume":"73","author":"Martinko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arh. Hig. Rada. Toksikol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6872","article-title":"Phenylboronic acid as a novel agent for controlling plant pathogenic bacteria","volume":"78","author":"Martinko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pest. Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7451","article-title":"Exploring boron applications in modern agriculture: Antifungal activities and mechanisms of phenylboronic acid derivatives","volume":"79","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pest. Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.1021\/ja057798c","article-title":"An improved class of sugar-binding boronic acids, soluble and capable of complexing glycosides in neutral water","volume":"128","author":"Dowlut","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aac.2023.05.004","article-title":"Synthesis, fungicidal activity and molecular docking studies of tavaborole derivatives","volume":"2","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Agrochem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6226","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c08053","article-title":"Discovery of Novel Benzoxaborole-Containing Streptochlorin Derivatives as Potential Antifungal Agents","volume":"71","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4497","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c06951","article-title":"Dual-Target Inhibitors horizontal line Discovery of Novel Diphenyl-(Thio)ether-Containing Benzoxaborole Derivatives as Potential Antifungal and Herbicidal Agents","volume":"73","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.0c00290","article-title":"Inhibiting Protein Prenylation with Benzoxaboroles to Target Fungal Plant Pathogens","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C., Steere, L., McGregor, C., Frederick, B.H., Pastoor, T., Zhou, Y., Liu, C.T., Cai, Y., Zhou, H., and Xu, M. (2021). Exploring boron applications in modern agriculture: A structure-activity relationship study of a novel series of multi-substitution benzoxaboroles for identification of potential fungicides. Bioorg Med. Chem. Lett., 43.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128089"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1990.tb03026.x","article-title":"Efficacy of Avermectin B1 Given Orally against Equine Intestinal Strongyles and Onchocera Microfilaria","volume":"67","author":"Mogg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sasanelli, N., Toderas, I., Veronico, P., Iurcu-Straistaru, E., Rusu, S., Melillo, M.T., and Caboni, P. (2020). Abamectin Efficacy on the Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida. Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9010012"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c07024","article-title":"Avermectins and Their Derivatives: Recent Advances in Biosynthesis and Application","volume":"73","author":"Xiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2015.03.085","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of thiabendazole derivatives as anti-angiogenesis and vascular disrupting agents","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioorgan. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budetic, M., Kopf, D., Dandic, A., and Samardzic, M. (2023). Review of Characteristics and Analytical Methods for Determination of Thiabendazole. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28093926"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14814","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c06863","article-title":"Protodeboronation of (Hetero)Arylboronic Esters: Direct versus Prehydrolytic Pathways and Self-\/Auto-Catalysis","volume":"143","author":"Hayes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4493","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201700546","article-title":"Fluorinated Boronic Acids: Acidity and Hydrolytic Stability of Fluorinated Phenylboronic Acids","volume":"2017","author":"Zarzeczanska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5224","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500642d","article-title":"Recent developments in the chemistry and biological applications of benzoxaboroles","volume":"115","author":"Borys","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6716","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0716204","article-title":"A simple and modular strategy for small molecule synthesis: Iterative Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of B-protected haloboronic acid building blocks","volume":"129","author":"Gillis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3608","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CC09107H","article-title":"Facile synthesis of borofragments and their evaluation in activity-based protein profiling","volume":"51","author":"Adachi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b01741","article-title":"Discovery of the First Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human dCTP Pyrophosphatase 1","volume":"59","author":"Hoglund","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04491-w","article-title":"Automated iterative Csp(3)-C bond formation","volume":"604","author":"Blair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859601001435","article-title":"The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture, Committee on the Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture, Board of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences","volume":"137","author":"Joshi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.6b01172","article-title":"Asymmetric Arylation of Imines Catalyzed by Heterogeneous Chiral Rhodium Nanoparticles","volume":"18","author":"Yasukawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5571","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.4c01988","article-title":"Organocatalytic Desymmetric Double Aza-Michael Addition Cascade: Enantioselective Synthesis of Fused Morpholines","volume":"26","author":"Gorad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7508","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00128a024","article-title":"Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Alkoxydiboron with Haloarenes: A Direct Procedure for Arylboronic Esters","volume":"60","author":"Ishiyama","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4628(20000523)76:8<1257::AID-APP6>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Synthesis, flame-retardancy testing, and preliminary mechanism studies of nonhalogenated aromatic boronic acids: A new class of condensed-phase polymer flame-retardant additives for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polycarbonate","volume":"76","author":"Morgan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19997","DOI":"10.1021\/ja309578k","article-title":"Anomalous Reactivity of Silylborane: Transition-Metal-Free Boryl Substitution of Aryl, Alkenyl, and Alkyl Halides with Silylborane\/Alkoxy Base Systems","volume":"134","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5248","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.6b02553","article-title":"Visible-Light Photoredox Borylation of Aryl Halides and Subsequent Aerobic Oxidative Hydroxylation","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1039\/C6QO00109B","article-title":"Metal-free borylation of electron-rich aryl (pseudo)halides under continuous-flow photolytic conditions","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Org. Chem. Front."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.1c00032","article-title":"Synthesis of Benzoxaboroles by ortho-Oxalkylation of Arylboronic Acids with Aldehydes\/Ketones in the Presence of Bronsted Acids","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2021.104873","article-title":"Toxicity of boric acid, borax and other boron containing compounds: A review","volume":"121","author":"Hadrup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brdar-Jokanovic, M. (2020). Boron Toxicity and Deficiency in Agricultural Plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041424"},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"1","article-title":"NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Boric Acid (CAS No. 10043-35-3) in B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies)","volume":"324","year":"1987","journal-title":"Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620200415","article-title":"Toxicity of boron to rainbow trout: A weight-of-the-evidence assessment","volume":"20","author":"Loewengart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/14\/3018\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:12:03Z","timestamp":1760033523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/14\/3018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30143018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30143018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]}}}