{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:32:05Z","timestamp":1781713925828,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Grants Commission, Govt. of India","award":["UL1TR002003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002003"]}]},{"name":"Schlumberger Faculty of the Future Foundation Fellowship award","award":["UL1TR002003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002003"]}]},{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS)","award":["UL1TR002003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of a methanol extract of Nymphaea odorata (MeNO) rhizomes, its fractions and the active compound (methyl gallate, MeG) were investigated in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47-D:A18, as well as ER-negative line SKBr3. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were determined using CellTiter-Glo\u00ae 2.0 assays at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 \u03bcg\/mL. Caspase activity and apoptosis were determined using Caspase-Glo\u00ae 3\/7, Caspase-Glo\u00ae 8, and ApoTox-Glo\u2122 triplex assays, as well as qPCR. Total RNA was isolated from MCF-7 cells treated with MeG. RNA-seq libraries were prepared using a Universal Plus mRNASeq kit, and sequencing was performed on a NovaSeq 6000. MeNO inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 14.1 \u03bcg\/mL, as well as T47-D:A18 (IC50 of 25.6 \u03bcg\/mL) and SKBr3 cells (IC50 of 35.5 \u03bcg\/mL). Bioassay-guided fractionation of MeNO in MCF-7 cells identified the active fraction containing one compound, namely methyl gallate (MeG). MeG had an IC50 of 8.6 \u03bcg\/mL in MCF-7 cells. Transcriptomic analysis of MeG-treated MCF-7 cells showed differential expression of 10,634 genes, with 5643 upregulated and 4991 downregulated (FDR &lt; 0.05). Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed the involvement of 43 canonical pathways, with the top upregulated pathways including apoptosis, autophagy, and the unfolded protein response pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30143022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T12:09:53Z","timestamp":1752840593000},"page":"3022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["RNA-Seq Analysis of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Treated with Methyl Gallate Isolated from the Rhizomes of Nymphaea Odorata L. Shows Upregulation of Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Unfolded Protein Canonical Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8586-9490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishikant A.","family":"Raut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinal N.","family":"Kanabar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Maienschein-Cline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina S.","family":"Los","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Genomics Facility, Research Resource Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarema","family":"Arbieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Genomics Facility, Research Resource Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temitope O.","family":"Lawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shitalben","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1820-5963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gail B.","family":"Mahady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Muhlberg, H. 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