{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:09:37Z","timestamp":1792789777901,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components in Natural Products of Guangdong Ordinary Higher Education Institutions","award":["2022GCZX012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GCZX012"]}]},{"name":"The Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components in Natural Products of Guangdong Ordinary Higher Education Institutions","award":["S202313684028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202313684028"]}]},{"name":"The Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components in Natural Products of Guangdong Ordinary Higher Education Institutions","award":["2022ZDIS138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDIS138"]}]},{"name":"College Students\u2019 Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program","award":["2022GCZX012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GCZX012"]}]},{"name":"College Students\u2019 Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program","award":["S202313684028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202313684028"]}]},{"name":"College Students\u2019 Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program","award":["2022ZDIS138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDIS138"]}]},{"name":"Key Field Projects of the Guangdong Province Key Construction Discipline Research Capacity Enhancement Project","award":["2022GCZX012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GCZX012"]}]},{"name":"Key Field Projects of the Guangdong Province Key Construction Discipline Research Capacity Enhancement Project","award":["S202313684028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202313684028"]}]},{"name":"Key Field Projects of the Guangdong Province Key Construction Discipline Research Capacity Enhancement Project","award":["2022ZDIS138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDIS138"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alpinia officinarum Hance exhibits various bioactivities, with polysaccharides being one of its key bioactive components. However, the relationship between the structural characteristics of these polysaccharides and their bioactivities remains unclear and underexplored. In this study, to optimize the extraction process, a Response Surface Methodology-based design combined with single-factor experiments was applied to determine the optimal conditions for the ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from A. officinarum. The primary structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of two polysaccharide fractions, PAOR-1 extracted by ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction and PAOR-2 extracted by hot reflux extraction (HRE), were systematically compared. The optimal extraction conditions, including a liquid\u2013solid ratio of 1:50, extraction time of 19 mins, and ultrasonic power of 410 W, yielded a maximum polysaccharide extraction rate of 18.28% \u00b1 2.23%. The extracted polysaccharides were characterized as acidic polysaccharides with a three-dimensional structure. PAOR-1 and PAOR-2 have different monosaccharide compositions, surface morphologies, and thermal stabilities. The antioxidant activity in vitro studies suggest that PAOR-1 may have higher antioxidant activity than PAOR-2 due to its higher content of uronic acids, lower relative molecular mass, and a more closely packed spatial configuration. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of AOR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30143031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T08:47:14Z","timestamp":1753087634000},"page":"3031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison of Ultrasound-Microwave-Assisted and Hot Reflux Extractions of Polysaccharides from Alpinia officinarum Hance: Optimization, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6200-3964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibao","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519090, China"},{"name":"School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baogang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519090, China"},{"name":"School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengge","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519090, China"},{"name":"School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519090, China"},{"name":"School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519090, China"},{"name":"School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4927-5407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2023.105730","article-title":"Alpinia officinarum Hance extract ameliorates diabetic gastroparesis by regulating SCF\/c-kit signaling pathway and rebalancing gut microbiota","volume":"172","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/1062936X.2024.2352725","article-title":"Potential antioxidant, \u03b1-glucosidase, butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of major constituents isolated from Alpinia officinarum hance rhizomes: Computational studies and in vitro validation","volume":"35","author":"Koshak","year":"2024","journal-title":"SAR QSAR Environ. 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