{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:25:40Z","timestamp":1787498740450,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Forest Science, Korea","award":["FP0400-2022-02-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP0400-2022-02-2024"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Forest Science, Korea","award":["2022R1A2C1008081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C1008081"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NFR)","award":["FP0400-2022-02-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP0400-2022-02-2024"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NFR)","award":["2022R1A2C1008081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C1008081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium found in the stomach, is associated with various gastrointestinal and systemic health conditions. Effective suppression of H. pylori is therefore critical for managing gastrointestinal diseases. In a search for natural products with anti-H. pylori activity, the extract of Atractylodes macrocephala rhizoma showed significant inhibitory effects. Chromatographic purification of A. macrocephala extract yielded thirteen compounds, which were identified as ten sesquiterpenes and three polyacetylenes by spectroscopic analysis. The sesquiterpene compounds belong to the eudesmane or eudesmane lactone types and exhibited structure-dependent efficacy. The major eudesmane lactone sesquiterpene, atractylenolide I (1), showed strong inhibitory activity comparable to metronidazole, a positive control, and atractylenolide III (3) also showed good efficacy. However, structural modification such as hydroxylation, methylation, or acetylation of the sesquiterpenes led to reduced activity. In contrast, polyacetylene derivatives displayed only mild inhibitory effects. Further evaluation of the active compounds against three H. pylori strains such as 51, 43504, and 26695 showed that atractylenolide I (1) had potent inhibitory effects against all three strains, with MIC50 values of ranging from 27.3 to 48.6 \u03bcM and MIC90 values from 45.4 to 87.2 \u03bcM. Atractylenolide III (3) exhibited selective activity against strain 51 with MIC50 value of 89.9 \u03bcM. Both compounds also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity with IC90 values of 23.3 and 31.1 \u03bcM, respectively, although they showed little effect on urease. This is the first report on the anti-H. pylori efficacy of various constituents of A. macrocephala and comparative analysis of inhibitory effects against several strains, which will provide scientific evidence supporting its potential as therapeutic agent for H. pylori-related infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30153142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T08:51:33Z","timestamp":1753692693000},"page":"3142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anti-Helicobacter pylori and Anti-Inflammatory Sesquiterpenoids from the Rhizoma of Atractylodes macrocephala"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"So Yeong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3190-792X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Min","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6452-7982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju 36040, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Won","family":"Yeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hak Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4148-6751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bang Yeon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1201-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi-Jeong","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5814-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi Kyeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa001999","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer","volume":"345","author":"Uemura","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. 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