{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:00:38Z","timestamp":1791223238231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2018YFC1603205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1603205"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapid growth of plant-based biodegradable tableware, driven by plastic restrictions, necessitates rigorous safety assessments of potential chemical contaminants like per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). This study comprehensively evaluated PFAS contamination risks in commercial sugarcane pulp tableware, focusing on the residues of five target PFASs (PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxA, PFPeA) and their migration behavior under simulated use and takeout conditions. An analysis of 22 samples revealed elevated levels of total fluorine (TF: 33.7\u2013163.6 mg\/kg) exceeding the EU limit (50 mg\/kg) in 31% of products. While sporadic PFOA residues surpassed the EU single compound limit (0.025 mg\/kg) in 9% of samples (16.1\u201325.5 \u03bcg\/kg), the levels of extractable organic fluorine (EOF: 4.9\u201317.4 mg\/kg) and the low EOF\/TF ratio (3.19\u201310.4%) indicated inorganic fluorides as the primary TF source. Critically, the migration of all target PFASs into food simulants (water, 4% acetic acid, 50% ethanol, 95% ethanol) under standardized use conditions was minimal (PFOA: 0.52\u20130.70 \u03bcg\/kg; PFPeA: 0.54\u20130.63 \u03bcg\/kg; others &lt; LOQ). Even under aggressive simulated takeout scenarios (50 \u00b0C oscillation for 12 h + 12 h storage at 25 \u00b0C), PFOA migration reached only 0.99 \u00b1 0.01 \u03bcg\/kg in 95% ethanol. All migrated levels were substantially (&gt;15-fold) below typical safety thresholds (e.g., 0.01 mg\/kg). These findings demonstrate that, despite concerning residue levels in some products pointing to manufacturing contamination sources, migration during typical and even extended use scenarios poses negligible immediate consumer risk. This study underscores the need for stricter quality control targeting PFOA and inorganic fluoride inputs in sugarcane pulp tableware production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30153166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T12:39:29Z","timestamp":1753792769000},"page":"3166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Migration Safety of Perfluoroalkyl Substances from Sugarcane Pulp Tableware: Residue Analysis and Takeout Simulation Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Packaging Engineering, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3638-8663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Packaging Engineering, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adr3837","article-title":"Pathways to reduce global plastic waste mismanagement and greenhouse gas emissions by 2050","volume":"386","author":"Pottinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2024.101281","article-title":"Safety of plant fiber-based food contact materials: Overview of the discovery, identification, detection and risk assessment of unknown risk substances","volume":"43","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Packag. 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