{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:29:39Z","timestamp":1790389779460,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)-MCTI","award":["01.22.0200.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.22.0200.00"]}]},{"name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)-MCTI","award":["Code 01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Code 01"]}]},{"name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)-MCTI","award":["408547\/2024-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408547\/2024-3"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES) Financial","award":["01.22.0200.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.22.0200.00"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES) Financial","award":["Code 01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Code 01"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES) Financial","award":["408547\/2024-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408547\/2024-3"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["01.22.0200.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.22.0200.00"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["Code 01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Code 01"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["408547\/2024-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408547\/2024-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plants are a valuable source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. Antibacterials of natural origin represent a promising and sustainable alternative in the fight against bacterial infections. In addition to being effective against bacterial growth, these natural agents may have lower toxicity and fewer side effects, which reinforces their value in the development of new therapeutic strategies. This study reports on the antibacterial effect of eugenol (EUG) and biogenic silver nanoparticles (bioAgNPs) synthesized using the aqueous extract of Trichilia catigua A. Juss. bark, alone or in combination, against planktonic and sessile cells of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, one of the main opportunistic pathogens in dogs. EUG and bioAgNPs showed a dose- and time-dependent bactericidal effect on planktonic cells, interfering with cell membrane integrity. The interaction between EUG and bioAgNPs was classified as synergistic or indifferent for planktonic cells. Except for one isolate, the combination exhibited a synergistic effect for biofilms previously formed on abiotic surfaces for 24 h. Both bioactive compounds promoted morphological and ultrastructural changes in S. pseudintermedius biofilms. All concentrations of EUG and bioAgNPs in synergistic or indifferent combinations showed reduced toxicity to mammalian cells. These findings suggest that the EUG and bioAgNP combination could be a promising strategy for controlling S. pseudintermedius infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30163353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T16:30:36Z","timestamp":1755016236000},"page":"3353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Eugenol and Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles on Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolated from Canine Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7026-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weslei Roberto Correia","family":"Cabral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86055-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caio Ferreira","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina, Faculdades de Dracena, Dracena 17910-106, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2380-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rogerio","family":"Giuffrida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente 19050-920, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8805-5747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lais Fernanda","family":"de Almeida Spoladori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86055-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela Madeira","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86055-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3497-5362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"Bartolomeu-Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia, An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2694-6553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena Tiemi","family":"Suzukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86055-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8944-004X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella Maria","family":"Andriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86055-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerson","family":"Nakazato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86055-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliandro Reis","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86055-900, 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