{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:58:19Z","timestamp":1761397099582,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2023MC095","31701827","32402430","2020M671984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023MC095","31701827","32402430","2020M671984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZR2023MC095","31701827","32402430","2020M671984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023MC095","31701827","32402430","2020M671984"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2023MC095","31701827","32402430","2020M671984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023MC095","31701827","32402430","2020M671984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In continuation of our efforts to identify novel herbicide lead compounds, twenty new 5-(1-amino-4-phenoxybutylidene)barbituric acid derivatives containing an enamino diketone motif were synthesized and evaluated for their herbicidal activities. The greenhouse bioassay results indicated that several of the target compounds, including BA-1, BA-2, BA-5, BA-18, and BA-20, exhibited notable post-emergence herbicidal activity, with sum inhibition rates exceeding 70% at a dosage of 150 g ha\u22121, which was superior to that of the commercial herbicide flumiclorac-pentyl (FP). The structure\u2013activity relationship analysis demonstrated that the steric and electronic effects of the R group, as well as the lipophilicity of the target compounds, significantly influenced herbicidal activity. Among these, BA-1 was identified as a promising herbicide lead compound due to its high total herbicidal efficacy, broad-spectrum activity, and favorable crop safety profile. Molecular simulation studies indicated that BA-1 binds effectively to Nicotiana tabacum protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (NtPPO), suggesting its potential as a novel PPO inhibitor. This study highlights BA-1 as a promising lead compound for the development of novel PPO-inhibiting herbicides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30163445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T15:19:02Z","timestamp":1755789542000},"page":"3445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design, Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of 5-(1-Amino-4-phenoxybutylidene)barbituric Acid Derivatives Containing an Enamino Diketone Motif"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shumin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyue","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Academy of Innovation and Development, Jinan 250101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3117-7553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0235-5281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18806","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.4c01842","article-title":"Nanomaterials and nanotechnology in agricultural pesticide delivery: A review","volume":"40","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, B., Lv, F., and Yang, J. 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