{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:33:06Z","timestamp":1791387186242,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungi are a prolific source of diverse bioactive metabolites, yet many remain unexplored. Among these, depsidones are a rare class of compounds with significant biological potential, but they are seldom reported in mushrooms. This study investigated the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum, known for its extensive therapeutic use in traditional medicine. Fruiting bodies were extracted using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol. Extracts were screened phytochemically and assessed for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest phenolic yield and antioxidant potential and was subsequently evaluated for cytotoxicity against HepG2, HCT116, MCF7, and A549 cancer cell lines. It showed notable anticancer activity with minimal toxicity to normal Vero cells. UHPLC\/Q-TOF-MS\/MS analysis of G. lucidum ethyl acetate extract tentatively identified nine minor depsidones including mollicellin G, simplicildone I, mollicellin B, talaromyone B, simplicildone A, purpactin C, emeguisin B, mollicellin E, and simplicildone D on the basis of high-resolution negative-mode detection and characteristic MS\/MS fragmentation patterns. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between these compounds and cancer-related targets (AKT1, CDK2, ERK1, TNF\u03b1), with simplicildone D and mollicellin G demonstrating particularly high interactions. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the observed bioactivity and highlight G. lucidum as a promising source of therapeutic depsidones for future anticancer drug development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30173650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T12:15:17Z","timestamp":1757420117000},"page":"3650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["From Mushrooms to Molecules: Exploring Depsidones in Ganoderma lucidum for Antioxidant and Anticancer Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sayed H. A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7009-0115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yehia A.-G.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Y.","family":"Bediway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobhy E.","family":"Elsilk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7225-8658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Yosri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11787, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9550-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamel","family":"Metwally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader E.","family":"Abo-Dya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9466-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galal","family":"Yahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 24, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0187-0772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mervt","family":"Almostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atef A.","family":"El-Hela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11787, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oke, M.A., Afolabi, F.J., Oyeleke, O.O., Kilani, T.A., Adeosun, A.R., Olanbiwoninu, A.A., and Adebayo, E.A. 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