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Abel is an economically important oilseed crop. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and bioactive potential of its leaf extracts, an underutilized by-product, for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Extracts of C. oleifera leaves were prepared using three solvents (water, 50% ethanol, 95% ethanol) via ultrasonication. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were quantified, and key bioactivities, including antioxidant capacity, tyrosinase inhibition, and effects on cell proliferation, were evaluated. The 50% ethanolic extract exhibited the highest total polyphenol (337.24 \u00b1 1.94 GAE\/g extract) and total flavonoid (189.23 \u00b1 1.12 mg RE\/g extract) contents. This extract also demonstrated superior antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 28.10 \u00b1 0.46 \u03bcg\/mL for DPPH scavenging and an ORAC value of 2651.54 \u00b1 112.41 \u03bcmol\/g. Nine compounds were isolated and identified, comprising flavonoids (1\u20133) and polyphenols (4\u20139). Compound 1 showed the strongest DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 of 24.19 \u00b1 0.07 \u03bcM. Compound 9 significantly stimulated HaCaT cell proliferation (169.30 \u00b1 2.17%), while compound 2 promoted the growth of HFF-1 cells (129.36 \u00b1 2.81%). These results highlight the potential of C. oleifera leaves as a valuable source of bioactive compounds for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30183661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T12:15:17Z","timestamp":1757420117000},"page":"3661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chemical Composition and Bioactive Properties of Camellia oleifera C. Abel Leaves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilin","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deliang","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changli","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical and Testing Center, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu\u2019an 237012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"The Inhibitory Activity of Camellia oleifera Leaves Extract against 5\u03b1-Reductase and Chemical Components Analysis","volume":"42","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. 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