{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:06:01Z","timestamp":1792109161499,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFC3504104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3504104"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["NMPAJGKX-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMPAJGKX-2024"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["GJJS-2022-7-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJS-2022-7-2"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["AHYJ-KJ-202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHYJ-KJ-202402"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of NMPA Scientific System Construction for Drug Regulation","award":["2023YFC3504104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3504104"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of NMPA Scientific System Construction for Drug Regulation","award":["NMPAJGKX-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMPAJGKX-2024"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of NMPA Scientific System Construction for Drug Regulation","award":["GJJS-2022-7-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJS-2022-7-2"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of NMPA Scientific System Construction for Drug Regulation","award":["AHYJ-KJ-202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHYJ-KJ-202402"]}]},{"name":"NIFDC Fund for Key Technology Research","award":["2023YFC3504104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3504104"]}]},{"name":"NIFDC Fund for Key Technology Research","award":["NMPAJGKX-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMPAJGKX-2024"]}]},{"name":"NIFDC Fund for Key Technology Research","award":["GJJS-2022-7-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJS-2022-7-2"]}]},{"name":"NIFDC Fund for Key Technology Research","award":["AHYJ-KJ-202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHYJ-KJ-202402"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Regulatory Science Research of Anhui Drug Administration","award":["2023YFC3504104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3504104"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Regulatory Science Research of Anhui Drug Administration","award":["NMPAJGKX-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMPAJGKX-2024"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Regulatory Science Research of Anhui Drug Administration","award":["GJJS-2022-7-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJS-2022-7-2"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Regulatory Science Research of Anhui Drug Administration","award":["AHYJ-KJ-202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHYJ-KJ-202402"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFC3504104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3504104"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of NMPA Scientific System Construction for Drug Regulation","award":["NMPAJGKX-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMPAJGKX-2024"]}]},{"name":"NIFDC Fund for Key Technology Research","award":["GJJS-2022-7-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJS-2022-7-2"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Regulatory Science Research of Anhui Drug Administration","award":["AHYJ-KJ-202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHYJ-KJ-202402"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to morphological similarities, adulterants are frequently substituted for Qingfengteng (QFT, Sinomenium acutum) in regional markets. This study developed a TaqMan probe-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay targeting a 57-base pair (bp) fragment of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region for the specific detection of QFT. The method was validated using a diverse set of samples, including: (1) 19 batches of QFT and 8 batches of Beidougen (BDG, Menispermum dauricum), comprising both medicinal materials and decoction pieces; (2) 5 batches each of decoction pieces from Qingsheteng (QST, Periploca calophylla), Jishiteng (JST, Paederia foetida), Kuanjinteng (KJT, Tinospora sinensis), and Huibeiqingfengteng (HBQFT, Sabia discolor); (3) 6 batches of commercial QFT-containing tablets (with different batch numbers) and 6 batches of laboratory-prepared QFT aqueous decoctions (with different decocting time). Distinct cycle threshold (Ct) values and amplification curves unambiguously differentiated QFT from all adulterants. An external standard-based quantification approach was established to detect adulteration with BDG, the morphologically and genetically most similar adulterant. Recovery rates ranged from 81.79 to 102.38% in herbal mixed powders spiked with 1%, 5%, 50%, and 100% BDG. The method reliably detected QFT in processed tablets and freeze-dried decoctions, demonstrating high tolerance to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) degradation. This qPCR assay enables specific and quantitative detection of QFT in dried and processed samples using short amplicons (57 bp), thereby supporting quality control throughout the herbal production chain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30183763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T14:31:41Z","timestamp":1758033101000},"page":"3763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development of TaqMan Real-Time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR Method for Identification and Quantification of Sinomenium acutum-Originated Herbal Drugs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7254-810X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"},{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Hefei 230051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuchen","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunzi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianlong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangri","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6747-3941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Hefei 230051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7598-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"},{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Committee, N.P. 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