{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:39:14Z","timestamp":1759365554585,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute","award":["62.9012.2324.00.0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62.9012.2324.00.0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The results from previous environmental studies on the physicochemical properties of bottom sediments from the Odra River estuary (SW Baltic Sea) and their contamination by pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) were compiled and analyzed by the use of various statistical methods (Principal Component Analysis, ANOVA\/Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Spearman correlation analysis, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis, and Cluster Analysis). These studies included data on 130 PhACs determined in sediment samples collected from 70 sites across the Odra River estuary as well as the site distance to wastewater treatment plant discharge, PhACs\u2019 physicochemical properties (Kd, Kow, pKa, solubility, metabolism), and sales data. Additionally, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, acid volatile sulfides, clay mineral content, and trace elements such as As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn were analyzed. Clay mineral content and TP were identified as the key physicochemical factors influencing the spatial distribution of PhACs in bottom sediments, exerting a greater impact than the distance of sampling sites from WWTP discharge points. The distribution of PhACs in the estuary was also influenced by the Kd and solubility of the compounds. More soluble pharmaceuticals with low adsorption affinity to sediments were detected more frequently and transported to distant locations, whereas less soluble compounds with high adsorption affinity settled down in bottom sediments near contamination sources. Neither the proportion of a drug excreted unchanged, nor its prescription frequency and sales volume, influenced the spatial distribution of PhACs. In general, Kd may be a useful parameter in the planning of environmental monitoring and tracing migration of PhACs in aquatic environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30193935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T07:58:13Z","timestamp":1759305493000},"page":"3935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors Affecting Distribution of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Bottom Sediments of Odra River Estuary (SW Baltic Sea)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2567-4453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Giebu\u0142towicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7352-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawid","family":"Kucharski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4945-3687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Na\u0142\u0119cz-Jawecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Skowronek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Strzelecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4248-6734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Maci\u0105g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cement Roadstone Holdings Central Lab, Karsy 77, 27-530 O\u017car\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Drzewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127284","article-title":"Abundance, fate, and effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic environments","volume":"424","author":"Adeleye","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00299","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Systems: Chemistry, Occurrence, Effects, and Removal Methods","volume":"119","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2008.10.008","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical products and by-products, from resource to drinking water","volume":"35","author":"Mompelat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.04.040","article-title":"A method for evaluating the pharmaceutical deconjugation potential in river water environments","volume":"180","author":"Azuma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00041-3","article-title":"Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: A review of recent research data","volume":"131","author":"Heberer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(02)00165-8","article-title":"Tracking persistent pharmaceutical residues from municipal sewage to drinking water","volume":"266","author":"Heberer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2022.04.001","article-title":"Fate, transport, and risk assessment of widely prescribed pharmaceuticals in terrestrial and aquatic systems: A review","volume":"8","author":"Shaheen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg. Contam."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaw, S., Thomas, K.V., and Hutchinson, T.H. (2014). Sources, impacts and trends of pharmaceuticals in the marine and coastal environment. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 369.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0572"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-1035-8","article-title":"Occurrence patterns of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater environments","volume":"387","author":"Nikolaou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.01.015","article-title":"Occurrence, sources, and fate of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment and soil","volume":"187","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.12.017","article-title":"Tetracyclines metal complexation: Significance and fate of mutual existence in the environment","volume":"221","author":"Pulicharla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2018.05.019","article-title":"Fluoroquinolones metal complexation and its environmental impacts","volume":"376","author":"Cuprys","year":"2018","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106863","article-title":"Antibiotic-metal complexes in wastewaters: Fate and treatment trajectory","volume":"157","author":"Khurana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2014.02.020","article-title":"Occurrence of antidepressant residues in the sewage-impacted Vistula and Utrata rivers and in tap water in Warsaw (Poland)","volume":"104","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.07.056","article-title":"Determination of selected cardiovascular active compounds in environmental aquatic samples\u2013Methods and results, a review of global publications from the last 10 years","volume":"138","author":"Stankiewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2024.100371","article-title":"Role of the aquatic environment in enhancing and inhibiting phototransformation of pharmaceutically active compounds","volume":"10","author":"Joseph","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. Contam."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.10.039","article-title":"Persistence and partitioning of eight selected pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: Laboratory photolysis, biodegradation, and sorption experiments","volume":"43","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-018-0742-7","article-title":"Processes of distribution of pharmaceuticals in surface freshwaters: Implications for risk assessment","volume":"16","author":"Bagnis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.03.044","article-title":"The distribution and partitioning of common antibiotics in water and sediment of the Pearl River Estuary, South China","volume":"92","author":"Liang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(97)00354-8","article-title":"Occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceutical substances in the environment\u2014A review","volume":"36","author":"Nielsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.09.026","article-title":"Impacts of emerging organic contaminants on freshwater resources: Review of recent occurrences, sources, fate and effects","volume":"408","author":"Pal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epm.2024.08.006","article-title":"Concentrations, partitioning and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in UK freshwater sediment","volume":"1","author":"Dawood","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut. Manag."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.11.036","article-title":"Sorption\/desorption of non-hydrophobic and ionisable pharmaceutical and personal care products from reclaimed water onto\/from a natural sediment","volume":"472","author":"Meffe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.05.065","article-title":"Impacts of compound properties and sediment characteristics on the sorption behaviour of pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems","volume":"317","author":"Boxall","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153601","article-title":"Trace organic contaminants within solid matrices along an anthropized watercourse: Organo-mineral controls on their spatial distribution","volume":"822","author":"Thiebault","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.06.025","article-title":"Antibiotics in the aquatic environments: A review of the European scenario","volume":"94","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2113947119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2113947119","article-title":"Pharmaceutical pollution of the world\u2019s rivers","volume":"119","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168680","article-title":"Tracking down pharmaceutical pollution in surface waters of the St. Lawrence River and its major tributaries","volume":"912","author":"Vaudreuil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172358","article-title":"Ecological impact of pharmaceutical pollutants and options of river health improvements\u2013A risk analysis-based approach","volume":"928","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"EC (2000). Directive 2000\/60\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. Off. J. Eur. Union, L327, 1\u201373."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"EC (2013). Directive 2013\/39\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 Amending Directives 2000\/60\/EC and 2008\/105\/EC as Regards Priority Substances in the Field of Water Policy. Off. J. Eur. Union, L226, 1\u201317."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.07.051","article-title":"Occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in surface water, suspended solids and sediments of the Ebro river basin, Spain","volume":"85","author":"Jelic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.09.026","article-title":"Sediment-water interactions of pharmaceutical residues in the river environment","volume":"48","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.12.007","article-title":"Is the phototransformation of pharmaceuticals a natural purification process that decreases ecological and human health risks?","volume":"186","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.09.018","article-title":"Presence of pharmaceuticals in benthic fauna living in a small stream affected by effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant","volume":"72","author":"Grabicova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.02.049","article-title":"Bioaccumulation and analytics of pharmaceutical residues in the environment: A review","volume":"127","author":"Puckowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2008.02.023","article-title":"Application of a microbiotests battery for complete toxicity assessment of rivers","volume":"71","author":"Drobniewska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2478\/v10009-007-0030-5","article-title":"The Microtox\u00ae biological test: Application in toxicity evaluation of surface waters and sediments in Poland","volume":"36","author":"Niemirycz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oceanol. Hydrobiol. Stud."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"109","article-title":"Toxicity assessment of sediments and soil from rivers and floodplains in central Poland using a battery of microbiotests\u2014A case study","volume":"16","author":"Drobniewska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fresenius Environ. Bull."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.12.061","article-title":"Determination of metronidazole residues in water, sediment and fish tissue samples","volume":"119","author":"Wagil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.12.002","article-title":"Reviewing the serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) footprint in the aquatic biota: Uptake, bioaccumulation and ecotoxicology","volume":"197","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174036","article-title":"Metabolomic study on ostracods exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of five pharmaceuticals selected via a novel approach","volume":"946","author":"Michorowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1897\/08-587.1","article-title":"Estimating the sorption of pharmaceuticals based on their phar-macological distribution","volume":"28","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5191","article-title":"Chemical Fate and Partitioning Behavior of Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment\u2014A Review","volume":"40","author":"Harrower","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecohyd.2024.01.003","article-title":"Toxicity and bioaccumulation of selected antidepressants in Lemna minor (L.)","volume":"24","author":"Drobniewska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowakowska, K., Giebu\u0142towicz, J., Kamaszewski, M., Adamski, A., Szudrowicz, H., Ostaszewska, T., Solarska-Dzi\u0119cio\u0142owska, U., Na\u0142\u0119cz-Jawecki, G., Wroczy\u0144ski, P., and Drobniewska, A. (2020). Acute exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae to environmental concentrations of selected antidepressants: Bioaccumulation, physiological and histological changes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C Toxicol. Pharmacol., 229.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2019.108670"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"524","article-title":"The toxicity of selected pharmaceuticals to the aquatic plant Lemna minor","volume":"16","author":"Kaza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fresenius Environ Bull."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/wej.12439","article-title":"Removal of tetracycline antibiotic by Lemna gibba L. from aqueous solutions","volume":"34","author":"Topal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Environ. J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Na\u0142\u0119cz-Jawecki, G., Wawryniuk, M., Giebu\u0142towicz, J., Olkowski, A., and Drobniewska, A. (2020). Influence of Selected Antidepressants on the Ciliated Protozoan Spirostomum ambiguum: Toxicity, Bioaccumulation, and Biotransformation Products. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071476"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hubeny, J., Harnisz, M., Korzeniewska, E., Buta, M., Zieli\u0144ski, W., Rolbiecki, D., Giebu\u0142towicz, J., Na\u0142\u0119cz-Jawecki, G., P\u0142aza, G., and Zhou, Z. (2021). Industrialization as a source of heavy metals and antibiotics which can enhance the antibiotic resistance in wastewater, sewage sludge and river water. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252691"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.01.101","article-title":"The fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs), metabolites and illicit drugs in a WWTW and environmental waters","volume":"174","author":"Archer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u0105czkowska, E., Jankowska, K., Artichowicz, W., Fudala-Ksiazek, S., and Szopi\u0144ska, M. (2025). Emerging Contaminants in Coastal Landscape Park, South Baltic Sea Region: Year-Round Monitoring of Treated Wastewater Discharge into Czarna Wda River. Resources, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/resources14080123"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2004.03.001","article-title":"A review of factors affecting the release and bioavailability of contaminants during sediment disturbance events","volume":"30","author":"Eggleton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senila, M., Cadar, O., Senila, L., and Angyus, B.S. (2022). Simulated Bioavailability of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) in Contaminated Soil Amended with Natural Zeolite Using Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films (DGT) Technique. Agriculture, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12030321"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154446","article-title":"The assessment of environmental risk related to the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in bottom sediments of the Odra River estuary (SW Baltic Sea)","volume":"828","author":"Kucharski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136133","article-title":"The study on contamination of bottom sediments from the Odra River estuary (SW Baltic Sea) by tributyltin using environmetric methods","volume":"308","author":"Kucharski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Majewski, A. (1980). The Szczecin Lagoon, Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i \u0141\u0105czno\u015bci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2478\/v10009-007-0004-7","article-title":"Water dynamics in estuaries along the Polish Baltic coast","volume":"36","author":"Massel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oceanol. Hydrobiol. Stud."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalewska-Kalkowska, H. (2021). Storm-Surge Induced Water Level Changes in the Odra River Mouth Area (Southern Baltic Coast). Atmosphere, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12121559"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.06.011","article-title":"Contribution of combined sewer overflows to trace contaminant loads in urban streams","volume":"44","author":"Weyrauch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.123225","article-title":"Addressing the challenges of combined sewer overflows","volume":"343","author":"Perry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"113","article-title":"Impact of mine water disposal on concentration of barium and strontium in waters and sediments of the Odra River","volume":"42","author":"Bojakowska","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geol. Q."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1524\/ract.91.4.223.19964","article-title":"Adsorption of barium on kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite at various ionic strengths","volume":"91","author":"Atun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120993","article-title":"Modulation of biopharmaceutical properties of acidic drugs using cationic counterions: A critical analysis of FDA-approved pharmaceutical salts","volume":"607","author":"Bharate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schiewer, U. (2008). The Szczecin (Oder-) Lagoon. Ecological Studies, Springer. Ecology of Baltic Coastal Waters.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73524-3"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4203(82)90001-9","article-title":"Pollutant\u2014Particle associations and dynamics in coastal marine environments: A review","volume":"11","author":"Olsen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/rra.878","article-title":"Fine-grained sediment in river systems: Environmental significance and management issues","volume":"21","author":"Owens","year":"2005","journal-title":"River Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.228","article-title":"Rethinking what constitutes suspended sediment","volume":"15","author":"Droppo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2018.01.018","article-title":"Acid-base properties of kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite at marine ionic strength","volume":"483","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153635","article-title":"Fate and transport of pharmaceuticals in water systems: A processes review","volume":"823","author":"Bavumiragira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1346\/CCMN.2001.0490604","article-title":"Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Clay-Bearing Rocks From Random Preparations","volume":"49","author":"Drits","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clays Clay Miner."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eberl, D.D. (2003). User\u2019s Guide to Rockjock\u2014A Program for Determining Quantitative Mineralogy from Powder X-Ray Diffraction Data, USGS. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 03-78.","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr200378"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.09.058","article-title":"A review on environmental monitoring of water organic pollutants identified by EU guidelines","volume":"344","author":"Sousa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/19\/3935\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T07:59:07Z","timestamp":1759305547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/19\/3935"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30193935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30193935","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}