{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:58:50Z","timestamp":1787029130675,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Research Agency","award":["PID2024-156361OB-C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2024-156361OB-C22"]}]},{"name":"Unidad Asociada","award":["UGR-CSIC BIOPLAG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UGR-CSIC BIOPLAG"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ilicic acid, nerolidol, and 9-hydroxynerolidol are major components of the aerial parts of Dittrichia viscosa. These components were selectively isolated in multigram quantities and used as lead compounds to generate diversity in the search for new natural-product-derived pesticides. A total of 29 derivatives of these three molecules\u2014some of which are known natural products\u2014were generated by subjecting these natural products to different transformations. In order to explore potential applications in sustainable biocontrol, some of the compounds generated were evaluated for plant protection potential against insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi), against the nematode Meloidogyne javanica, and for their phytotoxic effects on ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Additionally, their effects against the tick Hyalomma lusitanicum have been tested. Compound 11 was found to be antifeedant against S. littoralis and nematicidal. Compounds 3a and 8 were potent antifeedants against R. padi. None of the tested compounds significantly inhibited lettuce growth, and compounds 17, 3, and 3a even promoted root development. Conversely, compounds 3, 4, 11, 17, and 21a exhibited strong herbicidal activity on ryegrass. In larvicidal assays against H. lusitanicum, compounds 3, 3a, 11, 17, 29, and 33 were active, with compound 29 being six times more active than the positive control nootkatone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30193950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T14:27:42Z","timestamp":1759328862000},"page":"3950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Major Components of Dittrichia viscosa (Asteraceae) as a Source of New Pesticides"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Segura-Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4806-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"Qu\u00edlez del Moral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8729-5053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Fe","family":"Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5609-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Valc\u00e1rcel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5124-664X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azucena","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Coloma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8111-2425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego O.","family":"Molina Inzunza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3058-8760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro F.","family":"Barrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Biology of Dittrichia viscosa, a Mediterranean ruderal plant: A review","volume":"83","author":"Parolin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phyton-Int. J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sladonja, B., Poljuha, D., Krapac, M., Uzelac, M., and Mikulic-Petkovsek, M. (2021). Dittrichia viscosa: Native-non native invader. Diversity, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/d13080380"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Araniti, F., Lupini, A., Sunseri, F., and Abenavoli, M.R. (2017). Allelopatic Potential of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter Mediated by VOCs: A Physiological and Metabolomic Approach. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170161"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-009-9214-0","article-title":"Landscape effects on the complex of Bactrocera oleae parasitoids and implications for conservation biological control","volume":"54","author":"Boccaccio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biocontrol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2010.549858","article-title":"Uptake of heavy metals by native species growing in a mining area in Sardenia, Italy: Discovering native flora for phytoremediation","volume":"13","author":"Barbafieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediat."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2012.08.002","article-title":"Distribution and bioaccumulation of arsenic and antimony in Dittrichia viscosa growing in mining-affected semiarid soils in southeast Spain","volume":"123","author":"Perez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geochem. Explor."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-019-09607-1","article-title":"Exploring Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter phytochemical diversity to explain its antimicrobial, nematicidal and insecticidal activity","volume":"19","author":"Grauso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(97)00153-0","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of 20 plants used in folkloric medicine in the Palestinian area","volume":"60","author":"Yaghmour","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2024.03.012","article-title":"A comprehensive review on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, toxicology, and pharmacological activities of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter","volume":"14","author":"Jerada","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2012.02.012","article-title":"Chemical characterization of the aphid antifeedant extracts from Dittrichia viscosa and Ferula communis","volume":"43","author":"Mamoci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actao.2006.12.005","article-title":"Ecological relationships between non-cultivated plants and insect predators in agroecosystems: The case of Dittrichia viscosa (Asteraceae) and Macrolophus melanotoma (Hemiptera: Miridae)","volume":"31","author":"Perdikis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Ecol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021988816329","article-title":"Allelochemical effects of eudesmane and eremophilane sesquiterpenes on Tribolium castaneum larvae","volume":"29","author":"Sosa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2005-11-1207","article-title":"Antifeedant\/insecticidal terpenes from Asteraceae and Labiatae species native to Argentinean semi-arid lands","volume":"60","author":"Tonn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Z. Naturforschung C J. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.36347\/sajb.2021.v09i02.004","article-title":"Biopesticidal potential of Nerolidol, a sesquiterpene compound, and its drastic impact on growth and metamorphosis of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"9","author":"Ghoneim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sch. Acad. J. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-020-02079-6","article-title":"Nematicidal activity of phytochemicals and their potential use for the control of Meloidogyne javanica infected eggplant in the greenhouse","volume":"158","author":"Abdelgaleil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.5b00914","article-title":"Iodine, a mild reagent for the aromatization of terpenoids","volume":"79","author":"Domingo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1002\/adsc.201500303","article-title":"Iodine-Promoted Metal-Free Aromatization: Synthesis of Biaryls, Oligo p-Phenylenes and A-Ring Modified Steroids","volume":"357","author":"Domingo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Synth. Catal."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.45.1223","article-title":"Diversifolol, a novel rearranged eudesmane sesquiterpene from the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia","volume":"45","author":"Kuo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1021\/np50116a023","article-title":"A new eudesmenoic acid from Artemisia phaeolepis","volume":"58","author":"Tan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(90)85114-U","article-title":"Sesquiterpene lactones from Artemisia herba-alba","volume":"29","author":"Sanz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.200900438","article-title":"Ilicic Acid as a Natural Quiron for the Efficient Preparation of Bioactive \u03b1- and \u03b2-Eudesmol","volume":"2009","author":"Barrero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2020.112554","article-title":"Neuroprotective compounds from the resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis","volume":"181","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6886","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.9b00704","article-title":"One-Step Synthesis of Furan Rings from \u03b1-Isopropylidene Ketones Mediated by Iodine\/DMSO: An Approach to Potent Bioactive Terpenes","volume":"84","author":"Salihila","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2005.05.053","article-title":"Gastric cytoprotective activity of ilicic aldehyde: Structure\u2013activity relationships","volume":"15","author":"Donadel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)97762-8","article-title":"Cis-eudesman-12,6-olides from Calostephane divaricata","volume":"28","author":"Zdero","year":"1989","journal-title":"Phytochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2017.06.057","article-title":"3-Oxo-g-costic acid fungal-transformation generates eudesmane sesquiterpenes with in vitro tumor-inhibitory activity","volume":"27","author":"Hegazy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.11.007","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of an eudesmane sesquiterpene isolated from common Varthemia, Varthemia iphionoides","volume":"97","author":"Hashinaga","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13764","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.9b01996","article-title":"Mimicking halimane synthases: Monitoring a cascade of cyclizations and rearrangements from epoxypolyprenes","volume":"84","author":"Domingo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2014.12.061","article-title":"Acid-promoted opening of 4, 5-and 3, 4-epoxy eudesmane scaffolds from \u03b1-isocostic acid","volume":"71","author":"Zaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2013.12.005","article-title":"Neomerane-type sesquiterpenoids from Valeriana officinalis var","volume":"70","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"latifolia. Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(90)80185-J","article-title":"Eudesmane derivatives other constituents from Apalochlamys spectabilis Cassinia species","volume":"29","author":"Zdero","year":"1990","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(01)89241-3","article-title":"Biogenetic-type transformation of 3-keto-4, 5-epoxy-eudesmanes: Synthesis of cyperanes, eremophilanes and spirovetivanes","volume":"45","author":"Ceccherelli","year":"1989","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1002\/jlac.198619860502","article-title":"Neue Sesquiterpenlactone und andere Inhaltsstoffe aus Stevia mercedensis und Stevia achalensis","volume":"1986","author":"Bohlmann","year":"1986","journal-title":"Liebigs Ann. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5724","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c12579","article-title":"Review of Recent Advances in Microbial Production and Applications of Nerolidol","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2013.04.002","article-title":"Terpenes and polyacetylenes from cultivated Artemisia granatensis boiss (Royal chamomile) and their defensive properties","volume":"94","author":"Barrero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.09.004","article-title":"Identification of novel Nrf2 activators from Cinnamomum chartophyllum H.W. Li and their potential application of preventing oxidative insults in human lung epithelial cells","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valc\u00e1rcel, F., Olmeda, A.S., Gonz\u00e1lez, M.G., Andr\u00e9s, M.F., Navarro-Rocha, J., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Coloma, A. (2021). Acaricidal and Insect Antifeedant Effects of Essential Oils From Selected Aromatic Plants and Their Main Components. Front. Agron., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fagro.2021.662802"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1934578X241227689","article-title":"Potential of 2-Hydroxyacetophenone Derivatives and Simple Phenol\u2019s for the control of Meloidogyne javanica","volume":"19","author":"Andres","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2020.112844","article-title":"Phytol, (E)-nerolidol and spathulenol from Stevia rebaudiana leaf essential oil as effective and eco-friendly botanical insecticides against Metopolophium dirhodum","volume":"155","author":"Benelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s12600-022-01043-w","article-title":"Bioactivity of formulas containing essential oils from the family Myrtaceae for the management of deltamethrin-resistant Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)","volume":"51","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytoparasitica"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, H., Liu, B., Yang, L., Yao, Y., Liu, M., Xiao, W., Li, S., Ji, R., and Sun, Y. (2023). Investigating the Regulatory Mechanism of the Sesquiterpenol Nerolidol from a Plant on Juvenile Hormone-Related Genes in the Insect Spodoptera exigua. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713330"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2023.107248","article-title":"Immunomodulatory, cyto-genotoxic, and growth regulatory effects of nerolidol on melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)","volume":"233","author":"Diksha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjac009","article-title":"Mosquito Repellent Potential of Carpesium abrotanoides Essential Oil and Its Main Components Against a Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"59","author":"Haris","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485319000609","article-title":"New insight into the behaviour modifying activity of two natural sesquiterpenoids farnesol and nerolidol towards Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)","volume":"110","author":"Dancewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"813","article-title":"Insecticidal and acaricidal activity of essential oils rich in (E)-nerolidol from Melaleuca leucadendra occurring in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil) and effects on two important agricultural pests","volume":"31","author":"Neves","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Braz. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.10.011","article-title":"Chemical composition and acaricidal activity of the essential oil of Baccharis dracunculifolia De Candole (1836) and its constituents nerolidol and limonene on larvae and engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"148","author":"Montanari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landi, M., Misra, B.B., Muto, A., Bruno, L., and Araniti, F. (2020). Phytotoxicity, Morphological, and Metabolic Effects of the Sesquiterpenoid Nerolidol on Arabidopsis thaliana Seedling Roots. Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9101347"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1021\/np50111a012","article-title":"Insect antifeedant activity of clerodane diterpenoids","volume":"57","author":"Sosa","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"893","article-title":"Selective phytotoxic activity of 2,3,11\u03b2,13-tetrahydroaromaticin and ilicic acid isolated from Inula graveolens","volume":"29","author":"Awwadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/ieab041","article-title":"Artificial diets with different protein levels for rearing Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"21","author":"Truzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Coloma, A., Andres, M.F., Contreras, R., Z\u00fa\u00f1iga, G.E., and D\u00edaz, C.E. (2022). Sustainable production of insecticidal com-poundsfrom Persea indica. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202201.0025.v1"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales-S\u00e1nchez, V., D\u00edaz, C.E., Trujillo, E., Olmeda, S.A., Valc\u00e1rcel, F., Mu\u00f1oz, R., Andr\u00e9s, M.F., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Coloma, A. (2021). Bioactive metabolites from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020109"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-012-9263-3","article-title":"Nematicidal activity of essential oils: A review","volume":"11","author":"Sanz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.07.041","article-title":"Chemical and biocidal characterization of two cultivated Artemisia absinthium populations with different domestication levels","volume":"76","author":"Julio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rueden, C.T., Schindelin, J., Hiner, M.C., DeZonia, B.E., Walter, A.E., Arena, E.T., and Eliceiri, K.W. (2017). ImageJ2: ImageJ for the next generation of scientific image data. BMC Bioinform., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1934-z"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"P\u00fcntener, W. (1981). Manual for Field Trials in Plant Protection, Agricultural Division, Ciba-Geigy. [2nd ed.]."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/19\/3950\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T14:27:50Z","timestamp":1759328870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/19\/3950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30193950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30193950","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}