{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:05:11Z","timestamp":1773115511540,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["03FHP155D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03FHP155D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HE 1376\/54-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HE 1376\/54-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI 304\/7-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI 304\/7-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200007"]}]},{"name":"DFG","award":["314061271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314061271"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["031L0258B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["031L0258B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU and the Romanian Government","award":["PNRR-III-C9-2023-I8-CF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR-III-C9-2023-I8-CF"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The significant side effects associated with platinum-based anticancer agents have driven the continuous pursuit of novel, non-platinum-based metal compounds. Ruthenium-based organometallic compounds have emerged as promising alternatives, owing to their distinctive and adaptable biochemical properties. The research efforts are focused on the development of ruthenacarborane-based anticancer drugs. The combination of ruthenium(II) complexes, recognized for their inherent anticancer potential, with carboranes, boron-rich clusters possessing unique chemical and physical characteristics, and NSAIDs, known to inhibit COX, an enzyme overexpressed in tumors, offers a novel approach for cancer therapy. Consequently, combining these three moieties into a single molecule represents a compelling strategy to develop drugs with a dual mode of action. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of ruthenacarborane-(\u03b76-p-cymene)\u2013NSAID conjugates (4a, 4b, 5b, and 6b) by linking NSAIDs (flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, and ibuprofen) to ruthenacarborane complexes using methylene and ethylene spacers, while maintaining the integrity of the sensitive ester groups present in the system. The synthesized conjugates were thoroughly characterized using multinuclear (1H, 11B, and 13C) NMR spectroscopy. Notably, the conjugates demonstrated low COX inhibition and no cytotoxic potential against different cancer cell lines, probably due to oxidative deactivation confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV). This indicates that the conjugation of this type of ruthenacarborane with NSAIDs does not result in novel anticancer drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30214153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T02:03:48Z","timestamp":1761185028000},"page":"4153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Novel Ruthenacarborane\u2013NSAID Conjugates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sonam","family":"Sonam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Faculty of Chemistry, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Str. 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4906-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Moji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6382-6063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vuk","family":"Gordi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4916-3794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Laube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4550-0394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Sch\u00e4dlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Mommsenstra\u00dfe 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1610-1493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Pietzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Mommsenstra\u00dfe 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0534-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Nicoara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babe\u015f-Bolyai University, Str. Arany Janos Nr. 11, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1328-0107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiza","family":"Gaina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babe\u015f-Bolyai University, Str. Arany Janos Nr. 11, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9509-9098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanja","family":"Mijatovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8006-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danijela","family":"Maksimovi\u0107-Ivani\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5168-1000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goran N.","family":"Kalu\u0111erovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Str. 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4267-0603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evamarie","family":"Hey-Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Faculty of Chemistry, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babe\u015f-Bolyai University, Str. 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