{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:30:04Z","timestamp":1787790604854,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND HIGHER EDUCATION OF REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN","award":["AP23488250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP23488250"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental caries is a major global health concern, with Streptococcus mutans playing a key role in biofilm formation and acid production, which lead to enamel demineralization. Natural products, particularly plant-derived extracts, offer promising alternatives to conventional antibacterial agents. This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of Ferula varia 70% ethanol extract (FVE) and evaluate its potential to inhibit biofilm formation by S. mutans. The aerial parts of F. varia were extracted with 70% ethanol and analyzed using LC-UV-ESI-MS\/MS to determine the chemical profile. The anti-biofilm activity of FVE was evaluated using a crystal violet assay against S. mutans. Phytochemical analysis identified 14 compounds, including major phenolic acids (e.g., chlorogenic acid, gallic acid) and flavonoids (e.g., isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside). FVE exhibited significant, dose-dependent inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation. Importantly, the FVE concentration of 5 mg\/mL inhibited S. mutans biofilm development by 100%. The potent antibiofilm activity of FVE against S. mutans is likely due to the synergistic action of its rich content of phenolic acids and flavonoids, which possess known anti-virulence properties. These findings support the potential use of FVE as a natural ingredient in oral hygiene products to prevent dental plaque and caries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30214178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T02:23:28Z","timestamp":1761704608000},"page":"4178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Phytochemical Profiling of Ferula varia Extract and Its Antibiofilm Activity Against Streptococcus mutans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Marlen K.","family":"Smagulov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Park of Biotechnology and Eco-Monitoring, Karaganda Buketov University, Universitetskaya Street, 28, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1974-2701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yana K.","family":"Levaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100017, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2736-8633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karakoz Zh.","family":"Badekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100017, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3074-5719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana A.","family":"Ivasenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100017, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1615-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gayane A.","family":"Atazhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda 100017, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8739-1766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vika","family":"Gabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1735-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita Yu.","family":"Ishmuratova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Park of Biotechnology and Eco-Monitoring, Karaganda Buketov University, Universitetskaya Street, 28, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9283-8294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomas","family":"Kacergius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, September 03). Oral Health. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/oral-health."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atazhanova, G.A., Levaya, Y.K., Badekova, K.Z., Ishmuratova, M.Y., Smagulov, M.K., Ospanova, Z.O., and Smagulova, E.M. (2024). Inhibition of the Biofilm Formation of Plant Streptococcus mutans. Pharmaceuticals, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17121613"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4959","DOI":"10.52711\/0974-360X.2022.00834","article-title":"Influence of Essential Oils on the Formation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilms","volume":"15","author":"Atazhanova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharm. 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