{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T10:31:18Z","timestamp":1789295478977,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22506124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22506124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12175145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12175145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013105","name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24YF2729800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24YF2729800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013105","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photothermal catalysis has emerged as a promising approach for the efficient and cost-effective removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Pt@MnO2 catalysts have demonstrated excellent performance in the photothermal catalytic oxidation of VOCs. However, current research has predominantly focused on the interaction between Pt and MnO2, while often overlooking the influence of the MnO2 crystal phase. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized Pt supported on four crystal phases (\u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3, and \u03b4) of MnO2 and established the structure\u2013activity relationships through performance evaluation and characterization. Among the prepared catalysts, Pt@Mn[\u03b4] exhibited excellent performance and possessed outstanding stability. Crystal structure characterization revealed that the larger specific surface area and lower crystallinity of Pt@Mn[\u03b4] exposed more active sites. XPS analysis indicated the transformation of Mn4+ to Mn3+ on Pt@Mn[\u03b4], leading to the formation of oxygen vacancies. O2-TPD and H2-TPR further confirmed the activation of lattice oxygen and the promoted redox cycle of Pt@Mn[\u03b4]. UV-Vis DRS and electrochemical measurements demonstrated that Pt@Mn[\u03b4] exhibited the most pronounced visible-light absorption, the highest photocurrent density, the lowest charge transfer resistance and superior charge carrier mobility. TD-GC-MS analysis indicated that o-xylene underwent alkylation and isomerization, with subsequent oxidation following the Mars\u2013van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30214193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T02:23:28Z","timestamp":1761704608000},"page":"4193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Study on the Photothermal Catalytic Performance of Pt@MnO2 for O-Xylene Oxidation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiani","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiafeng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0115-2826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fukun","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"},{"name":"School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2217-6173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Hu, H., Huang, J., Wei, J., Bi, F., and Zhang, X. Impact of Residual Ions on Catalyst Structure and Catalytic Performance: A Review. Chin. Chem. Lett., 2025. in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2025.111549"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15526","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c05940","article-title":"Unveiling the Influence Mechanism of Impurity Gases on Cl-Containing Byproducts Formation during VOC Catalytic Oxidation","volume":"59","author":"Bi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.4c01146","article-title":"Insight into the Synergistic Effect of Binary Nonmetallic Codoped Co3O4 Catalysts for Efficient Ethyl Acetate Degradation under Humid Conditions","volume":"5","author":"Bi","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11341","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c00953","article-title":"Boosting the Photothermal Oxidation of Multicomponent VOCs in Humid Conditions: Synergistic Mechanism of Mn and K in Different Oxygen Activation Pathways","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.20517\/cs.2024.211","article-title":"Single-Atom Catalysts in the Photothermal Catalysis: Fundamentals, Mechanisms, and Applications in VOCs Oxidation","volume":"5","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Synth."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.144161","article-title":"Enhancement of toluene oxidation performance over Pt\/MnO2@Mn3O4 catalyst with unique interfacial structure","volume":"503","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16547","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA02112E","article-title":"Facial Controlled Synthesis of Pt\/MnO2 Catalysts with High Efficiency for VOCs Combustion","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2023.131248","article-title":"Construction of Pt-MnO2 Interface with Strong Electron Coupling Effect for Plasma Catalytic Oxidation of Aromatic VOCs","volume":"665","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2023.119079","article-title":"Regulating the Surface Local Environment of MnO2 Materials via Metal-Support Interaction in Pt\/MnO2 Hetero-Catalysts for Boosting Methanol Oxidation","volume":"281","author":"Ru","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7071","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-022-4380-9","article-title":"A Dual Plasmonic Core\u2014Shell Pt\/[TiN@TiO2] Catalyst for Enhanced Photothermal Synergistic Catalytic Activity of VOCs Abatement","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.126256","article-title":"TiO2-Based Pd\/Fe Bimetallic Modification for the Efficient Photothermal Catalytic Degradation of Toluene: The Synergistic Effect of \u2219O2\u2013 and \u2219OH Species","volume":"336","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7662","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c10459","article-title":"Boosting Photothermocatalytic Oxidation of Toluene Over Pt\/N-TiO2: The Gear Effect of Light and Heat","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.133936","article-title":"Ni-Doped \u03b1-MnO2 Catalyst for Photothermal Synergistic Oxidation of Propane: Investigation of Catalytic Activity and Mechanism","volume":"376","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135447","article-title":"Acid-Activated \u03b1-MnO2 for Photothermal Co-Catalytic Oxidative Degradation of Propane: Activity and Reaction Mechanism","volume":"478","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.145474","article-title":"In-Situ Modulation of \u03b1-MnO2 Surface Oxygen Vacancies for Photothermal Catalytic Oxidation of Propane: Insights into Activity and Synergistic Mechanism","volume":"473","author":"Bi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121800","article-title":"Enhanced Photothermal Catalytic Degradation of Toluene by Loading Pt Nanoparticles on Manganese Oxide: Photoactivation of Lattice Oxygen","volume":"388","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2023.01.053","article-title":"Enhanced Toluene Oxidation by Photothermal Synergetic Catalysis on Manganese Oxide Embedded with Pt Single-Atoms","volume":"636","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137228","article-title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of NO by MnO2 Catalyst: The Decisive Relationship between Crystal Phase, Morphology and Activity","volume":"487","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.149693","article-title":"Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties of \u03b1- and \u03b2-MnO2 Nanorods","volume":"557","author":"Gangwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2015.06.012","article-title":"Different Crystal-Forms of One-Dimensional MnO2 Nanomaterials for the Catalytic Oxidation and Adsorption of Elemental Mercury","volume":"299","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2018.05.001","article-title":"Superior Performance of A@\u03b2-MnO2 for the Toluene Oxidation: Active Interface and Oxygen Vacancy","volume":"560","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. Gen."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2023.03.052","article-title":"Urea-H2O2 Defect Engineering of \u03b4-MnO2 for Propane Photothermal Oxidation: Structure-Activity Relationship and Synergetic Mechanism Determination","volume":"641","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2019.118150","article-title":"Comparative Study of \u03b1-, \u03b2-, \u03b3- and \u03b4-MnO2 on Toluene Oxidation: Oxygen Vacancies and Reaction Intermediates","volume":"260","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.129386","article-title":"Mn-Ce Solid Solution Growth on Mn2O3 Surface to Form Heterostructure Catalysts with Multiple Active Sites for Toluene Degradation","volume":"354","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2013.07.042","article-title":"The Exploration of a New Adsorbent as MnO2 Modified Expanded Graphite","volume":"110","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2021.110207","article-title":"Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of \u03b5-MnO2 Nanoparticles via Iron Doping","volume":"157","author":"Worku","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.06.059","article-title":"A Comparison Study on Raman Scattering Properties of \u03b1- and \u03b2-MnO2","volume":"648","author":"Gao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2067(17)62808-0","article-title":"In-Plasma Catalytic Degradation of Toluene over Different MnO2 Polymorphs and Study of Reaction Mechanism","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Catal."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306085","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202306085","article-title":"Precise Anchoring of Fe Sites by Regulating Crystallinity of Novel Binuclear Ni-MOF for Revealing Mechanism of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3866\/PKU.WHXB201112082","article-title":"Enhanced MnO2 Nanorods to CO and Volatile Organic Compounds Oxidative Activity by Platinum Nanoparticles","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121168","article-title":"Mechanochemically Tailoring Oxygen Vacancies of MnO2 for Efficient Degradation of Tetrabromobisphenol A with Peroxymonosulfate","volume":"307","author":"Ndayiragije","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.117808","article-title":"Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of ethyl acetate over MnO2\u2013CeOx composite catalysts: Structure\u2013activity relationship and empirical modeling","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2020.100897","article-title":"Layer MnO2 with oxygen vacancy for improved toluene oxidation activity","volume":"22","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surf. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.113555","article-title":"Tailoring Oxygen Vacancies by Synergy of Dual Metal Cations in LaCo0.8M0.2O3 (M = Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn) towards Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2022.121904","article-title":"Enhanced Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene over Manganese-Based Multi-Metal Oxides Synthesized by Ozone Driving Redox Reaction","volume":"300","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.01.083","article-title":"Oriented Growth of Layered-MnO2 Nanosheets over \u03b1-MnO2 Nanotubes for Enhanced Room-Temperature HCHO Oxidation","volume":"207","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CY01879K","article-title":"Activity Enhancement of Pt\/MnOx Catalyst by Novel \u03b2-MnO2 for Low-Temperature CO Oxidation: Study of the CO\u2013O2 Competitive Adsorption and Active Oxygen Species","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56790","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c16923","article-title":"Thermal-Driven Optimization of the Strong Metal\u2013Support Interaction of a Platinum\u2013Manganese Oxide Octahedral Molecular Sieve to Promote Toluene Oxidation: Effect of the Interface Pt2+\u2013Ov\u2013Mn\u03b4+. ACS Appl","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.05.061","article-title":"CuO Nanoparticles Supported by Ceria for NOx-Assisted Soot Oxidation: Insight into Catalytic Activity and Sintering","volume":"216","author":"Andana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chphi.2023.100227","article-title":"The Construction of MnOx with Rich Oxygen Vacancy for Robust Low-Temperature Denitration","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Impact"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"25","article-title":"Enhancing the Photocatalytic Removal of Toluene by Modified Porous TiO2 with Internal Hydrophobic Interface","volume":"2","author":"Ge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1002\/cmt2.28","article-title":"AuAg Plasmonic Nanoalloys with Asymmetric Charge Distribution on CeO2 Nanorods for Selective Photocatalytic CO2-to-CH4 Conversion","volume":"1","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"cMat"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"166094","article-title":"Synergistic Piezoelectric Effect and Oxygen Vacancies in MoS2\/BiOIO3 Heterojunctions Boosting Photocatalytic Degradation of 17\u03b2-Estradiol. Chem","volume":"520","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1002\/cmt2.23","article-title":"In Situ N-Doped Bi3O4Br\/(BiO)2CO3 Ultrathin Nanojunctions with Matched Energy Band Structure for Nonselective Photocatalysis Pollutant Removal","volume":"1","author":"Di","year":"2024","journal-title":"cMat"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131041","article-title":"Combined Effects of Pt Nanoparticles and Oxygen Vacancies to Promote Photothermal Catalytic Degradation of Toluene","volume":"449","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CY01461H","article-title":"Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde over Manganese Oxides with Different Crystal Structures","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/21\/4193\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T02:29:06Z","timestamp":1761704946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/30\/21\/4193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules30214193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30214193","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]}}}