{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T20:34:02Z","timestamp":1775162042195,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003336","name":"Bulgarian National Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K\u041f-06-H79\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K\u041f-06-H79\/6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scrophularia aestivalis Griseb. is a Balkan endemic species whose phytochemical composition and medicinal properties have not been previously investigated. The therapeutic potential of Scrophularia species has attracted considerable attention, resulting in extensive studies on their chemical and pharmacological properties, with over 200 secondary metabolites identified to date. The present study aimed to explore the phytochemical composition of Bulgarian-origin S. aestivalis, including isolation and characterization of individual secondary metabolites. From methanol extract of the plant\u2019s aerial parts, aucubin, harpagide, 8-O-acetylharpagide, cis- and trans-harpagoside, 6-O-methyl catalpol, acylated derivatives of catalpol, and linarin were isolated and identified. The anti-obesity activity of the extract and primary fractions was evaluated in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of obesity. Significant lipid-reducing activity was demonstrated in four fractions, indicating promising anti-obesogenic properties. Following chemical profiling and quantitative analysis, the main components of the most active fractions were identified, namely the cis- and trans-harpagoside isomers. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that treatment with harpagoside reduced lipid accumulation and improved mitochondrial function in glucose-supplemented worms, with the data suggesting potential involvement of the SKN-1 signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30214202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T02:23:28Z","timestamp":1761704608000},"page":"4202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Phytochemical Profiling and Anti-Obesogenic Potential of Scrophularia aestivalis Griseb. (Scrophulariaceae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Priboyska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2892-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika N.","family":"Todorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4625-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanya I.","family":"Gerasimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Centre of Competence \u201cSustainable Utilization of Bio-Resources and Waste of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Innovative Bioactive Products\u201d (BIORESOURCES BG), 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3852-8658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina S.","family":"Savova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Slaveya","family":"Krustanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Centre of Competence \u201cSustainable Utilization of Bio-Resources and Waste of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Innovative Bioactive Products\u201d (BIORESOURCES BG), 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4101-7036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanina","family":"Petkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Centre of Competence \u201cSustainable Utilization of Bio-Resources and Waste of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Innovative Bioactive Products\u201d (BIORESOURCES BG), 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9245-0727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stoyan","family":"Stoyanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milena P.","family":"Popova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Centre of Competence \u201cSustainable Utilization of Bio-Resources and Waste of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Innovative Bioactive Products\u201d (BIORESOURCES BG), 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5248-6135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milen I.","family":"Georgiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2395-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalina","family":"Alipieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Centre of Competence \u201cSustainable Utilization of Bio-Resources and Waste of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Innovative Bioactive Products\u201d (BIORESOURCES BG), 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bl\u00fcher, M. 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