{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T11:10:01Z","timestamp":1761736201734,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"the National Science Center, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2022\/47\/D\/NZ9\/02327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2022\/47\/D\/NZ9\/02327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Active compounds used in agriculture are mainly in the form of acids. This applies primarily to substances that are inducers of systemic acquired resistance, which is one of the most promising methods of supporting plants in the fight against pathogens. The physicochemical properties and biological activity of such substances can be improved by derivatizing them to salt forms. We used the concept of ionic liquids to obtain novel compounds in the form of chlormequat ionic liquids. In this study we present synthesis and characterization of a series of novel ionic liquids composed of the chlormequat cation paired with plant resistance-inducing anions, including salicylic acid and its chlorinated derivatives, nicotinic acid and isonicotinic acid. The results indicate that the new compounds in the form of salts are characterized by better biological activity related to SAR induction and lower phytotoxicity compared to the parent compounds as their equivalents in acid forms. The obtained compounds demonstrated the ability to activate defense responses in tobacco and to reduce susceptibility to viral infection, highlighting their potential for further application in crop protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30214203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T04:26:29Z","timestamp":1761711989000},"page":"4203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New Chlormequat-Based Ionic Liquids as Plant Resistance Inducers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1073-496X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafal","family":"Kukawka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Ul. Rubiez 46, 61-612 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"ATI Sp. z o.o., Ul. Rubie\u017c 46, 61-612 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0681-5433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Spychalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Ul. Rubiez 46, 61-612 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"ATI Sp. z o.o., Ul. Rubie\u017c 46, 61-612 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3346-7072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Czerwoniec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Ul. Rubiez 46, 61-612 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Uniwersytetu Pozna\u0144skiego 8, 61-614 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8267-023X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Hasi\u00f3w-Jaroszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Protection\u2014National Research Institute, Ul. W\u0142. W\u0119gorka 20, 60-318 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6259-4663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"St\u0119pniewska-Jarosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Protection\u2014National Research Institute, Ul. W\u0142. W\u0119gorka 20, 60-318 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Frydrych-Tomczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Ul. Rubiez 46, 61-612 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4444-5354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Smiglak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Ul. Rubiez 46, 61-612 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4764","DOI":"10.1039\/C8GC01424H","article-title":"Ionic liquids as bioactive chemical tools for use in agriculture and the preservation of agricultural products","volume":"20","author":"Zajac","year":"2018","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Qin, X., Dong, H., Liang, Y., Huo, Z., Qian, K., and Yang, F. (2023). 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