{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:58:31Z","timestamp":1787029111351,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Croatian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HRZZ-IP-2024-05-6164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRZZ-IP-2024-05-6164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-47\/2023-01\/200125"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral stipend","award":["451-418\/2024-03\/3324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-418\/2024-03\/3324"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Imidazolium-based ionic liquids bearing a homologous series of oxychlorine anions\u20141-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorite, chlorate, and perchlorate\u2014were synthesized and characterized to relate anion oxygenation to density, thermal expansivity, viscosity, electrical and molar conductivity, ionicity, and antimicrobial performance. Temperature-dependent measurements were carried out from 293.15 to 323.15 K: density and viscosity were recorded and modeled to obtain thermal expansion coefficients; electrical and molar conductivities were measured under identical conditions; and activation parameters were extracted by Arrhenius analysis for viscous flow and for conductivity. Ionicity was assessed from Walden plots and quantified by vertical deviation from the potassium-chloride reference (Angell approach). Complementary DFT calculations provided optimized ion-pair geometries, noncovalent contact patterns, molecular electrostatic potential maps, and frontier-orbital descriptors. In silico ADMET properties were computed to contextualize pharmacokinetic and safety flags. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by broth microdilution against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Candida quilliermondii; [Bmim]Cl was included as a comparator to isolate the effect of anion oxygenation. The combined experimental\u2013computational workflow delineates how chlorite, chlorate, and perchlorate shape physicochemical behavior, ionicity, and bioactivity in [Bmim] ionic liquids, providing design guidance for future applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30224346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T13:51:08Z","timestamp":1762782668000},"page":"4346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, Antimicrobial Properties, and DFT\/ADMET Calculations of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids with a Homologous Series of Oxychlorine Anions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8259-7549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan B.","family":"Vrane\u0161","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5507-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"\u010capelja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8788-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Karaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6447-0736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teona Teodora","family":"Borovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1426-1231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrija","family":"Vukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Klimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9542-4022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vesna","family":"Rastija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0649-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovana J.","family":"Selak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9861(02)00659-8","article-title":"The interaction of sodium chlorite with phospholipids and glutathione: A comparison of effects in vitro, in mammalian and in microbial cells","volume":"410","author":"Ingram","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. 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