{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T05:35:26Z","timestamp":1762925726930,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-23324047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-23324047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) enables rapid analysis with minimal sample preparation, yet negative-ion mode performance has been limited by poor sensitivity and unstable signals, similar to conventional electrospray ionization. In this study, we optimized negative PSI tandem MS (MS\/MS) for twelve endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and related biomarkers\u2014including bisphenols, phthalates, parabens, and substituted phenols\u2014used as model analytes. A systematic solvent and additive screen identified 1 mM ammonium fluoride in methanol and 0.1% ammonium hydroxide in 9:1 MeOH\/carbon tetrachloride as optimal conditions, providing enhanced deprotonated-ion intensities and improved stability. Calibration curves generated under these conditions showed excellent linearity, with limits of quantitation (LOQs) in the low-ppb range. Application to cosmetic formulations demonstrated reliable paraben quantitation. In fortified hand cream, LOQs below 1 mg\/kg were achieved, with recoveries of 93\u2013110% and intra- and inter-day precision below 10% RSD. Notably, PSI-MS\/MS performance was comparable to LC\u2013MS\/MS, without a separation step. These results demonstrate the feasibility of optimized negative PSI-MS as a sensitive and robust tool for paraben determination in cosmetics and highlight its potential as a versatile platform for broader EDC quantification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30224356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T17:45:34Z","timestamp":1762796734000},"page":"4356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Negative Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals with Application to Paraben Analysis in Cosmetics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Seonyoung","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5661-1351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarmila Shrestha","family":"Amatya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyerin","family":"Bahng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eungyeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunsang","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2819-3417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangwon","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1080\/14789450.2018.1525295","article-title":"Paper spray ionization mass spectrometry: Recent advances and clinical applications","volume":"15","author":"Chiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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