{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T05:56:04Z","timestamp":1764050164701,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003664","name":"Korea Forest Service","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2023-KF002467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-KF002467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases in which microglia-driven neuroinflammation plays a critical role in neuronal dysfunction and disease progression. In this study, we sought to isolate bioactive metabolites from Quercus acuta Thunb. fruits\u2014which have traditionally been used in oriental medicine but are chemically and pharmacologically underexplored\u2014and evaluate their anti-neuroinflammatory potential. A total of 14 compounds were isolated from an ethanol extract of Q. acuta fruits through bioactivity-guided isolation, and their structures were identified by NMR spectroscopy. Notably, this study is the first to demonstrate that 3,5,7,2\u2032,6\u2032-pentahydroxyflavanone and 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, among the compounds isolated from Q. acuta fruits, exhibit significant anti-neuroinflammatory activities. Both compounds reduced the production of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1, while inhibiting the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Moreover, they significantly inhibited NF-\u03baB activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia. Collectively, these findings indicate that Q. acuta fruits contain bioactive constituents with previously unreported anti-neuroinflammatory properties, supporting their potential as a natural source for the development of therapeutic agents targeting age-related neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30234514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T13:09:25Z","timestamp":1763989765000},"page":"4514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of Compounds Isolated from Quercus acuta Thunb. Fruits via NF-\u03baB Signaling Inhibition in BV2 Microglia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5015-5949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Laboratory, Green Bio Headquarters, Jeonnam Bio Foundation (JBF), Jangheung-gun 59338, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yezhi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Ae","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Laboratory, Green Bio Headquarters, Jeonnam Bio Foundation (JBF), Jangheung-gun 59338, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyoyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhyeon","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Su","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donghyuck","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Laboratory, Green Bio Headquarters, Jeonnam Bio Foundation (JBF), Jangheung-gun 59338, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9234-7567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3102","article-title":"Innate immunity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Heneka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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