{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:10:54Z","timestamp":1782277854603,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biomethane is one of the controllable Renewable Energy Sources. It may be derived from biogas, a multicomponent gas mixture, using, among others, membrane processes. The proper optimization of such a process requires the knowledge of the phenomena accompanying each specific biogas\u2013membrane separation system. Therefore, the solubility, permeance and diffusion of CO2, CH4, O2 and N2 in a polyimide-based sample were described and analyzed using the Dual Mode Sorption and partial immobilization models. The parameters of the models were determined based on pure gas sorption isotherms measured gravimetrically and experimental permeances of the four gases. The membrane swelling caused by CO2 was observed at temperatures of 293 and 303 K and for pressures higher than 3 bar. The adsorption of CH4, O2 and N2 in the fractional free volume (FFV) has a dominant (&gt;50%) share in their total solubility in the entire pressure range. This makes them sensitive to the presence of CO2, whose affinity is the strongest towards the tested polyimide-based sample. The diffusion of O2 is the fastest which makes it competitive with CO2 in permeation through the membrane, despite its low solubility. The ideal CO2\/O2 selectivity is thus relatively low (2.3\u20135.1). Methane, which is competitive in solubility compared to CO2, was found to diffuse the slowest and as a result, it is also the slowest permeating gas. This translates into the very high CO2\/CH4 ideal selectivity (33\u201395.7), which is, however, strongly dependent on temperature and pressure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30234524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T13:09:25Z","timestamp":1763989765000},"page":"4524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Transport of Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Oxygen and Nitrogen in a Glassy Polyimide Membrane"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8273-562X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Ta\u0144czyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Ba\u0142tycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8405-0547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Janusz-Cygan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Ba\u0142tycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9171-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Pawlaczyk-Kurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Ba\u0142tycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3373-5201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Hamryszak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Ba\u0142tycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4241-352X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Jaschik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Ba\u0142tycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Membrane instalation for biogas enrichment field tests and system simulation","volume":"40","author":"Chmielewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Process Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janusz-Cygan, A., Jaschik, J., and Ta\u0144czyk, M. (2021). Upgrading Biogas from Small Agricultural Sources into Biomethane by Membrane Separation. 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