{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T05:35:56Z","timestamp":1764135356970,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AGH University of Krakow","award":["5178","16.16.170.654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5178","16.16.170.654"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019\/35\/D\/ST4\/02703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/35\/D\/ST4\/02703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated locust bean gum (LBG), a polysaccharide thickening agent, as an anti-corrosion active compound against sweet corrosion for N80 carbon steel used in the oil and gas sector. The assessment involved weight loss and electrochemical measurements at different temperatures (e.g., 25 \u00b0C and 80 \u00b0C) and immersion durations (up to 168 h) in a CO2-saturated 2 wt.% KCl solution. The electrochemical results showed that LBG effectively inhibited sweet corrosion at both temperatures, and its efficacy increased with its concentration, reaching maximum inhibition efficiency of 84.11% at 25 \u00b0C and 55.81% at 80 \u00b0C, using 0.3 g L\u22121 of LBG after 24 h of immersion. At 25 \u00b0C, and with 0.3 g L\u22121 of LBG, the inhibition action of LBG did not change, even after 168 h of immersion (e.g., 83.97%). At 80 \u00b0C, LBG showed a good inhibition up to 72 h (e.g., 47.04%), after which LBG had no additional protective effect. This result is attributed to the formation of a FeCO3 layer that covered the entire metal surface, blocking the adsorption of LBG. Potentiodynamic tests revealed that LBG\u2019s inhibitory effect is of a mixed type. The Temkin adsorption isotherm model accurately described the data, indicating that LBG adsorption involves primarily physical interactions, with some chemical contributions. Activation energy and heat of adsorption calculations support the physical nature of LBG\u2019s adhesion. FTIR analysis confirmed the interaction between LBG and N80 carbon steel, while SEM-EDS provided visual evidence of LBG\u2019s influence on the metal surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30234534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T13:09:25Z","timestamp":1763989765000},"page":"4534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Locust Bean Gum: A Natural Polysaccharide as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for N80 Carbon Steel in CO2-Saturated Saline Solution, Useful for the Oil and Gas Industry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2184-5902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaetano","family":"Palumbo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6682-2611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"G\u00f3rny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0824-1218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"\u015awi\u0119ch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6622-3428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adarsh","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9380-0178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud M.","family":"Youssif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1002\/cjce.25216","article-title":"Bio-enhanced oil recovery (BEOR) methods: All-important review of the occasions and challenges","volume":"102","author":"Maleki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palumbo, G. (2025). Xanthan Gum as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for N80 Carbon Steel Under High Pressure and High Temperature in Saline CO2-Saturated Solution. Materials, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18194450"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palumbo, G., \u015awi\u0119ch, D., and G\u00f3rny, M. (2023). 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