{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:25:55Z","timestamp":1792121155408,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031311","name":"Wroclaw University of Economics and Business","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031311","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrates that EGT exerts neuroprotective effects through multiple mechanisms: scavenging reactive oxygen species, suppressing neuroinflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6), activating Nrf2 antioxidant pathways, and preserving mitochondrial integrity. Low blood EGT levels correlate with cognitive decline and dementia, supporting its role as a conditionally essential micronutrient for healthy aging. Mushroom by-products retain EGT concentrations comparable to commercial fruiting bodies, making them viable sources for dietary supplements and functional foods. Mushroom processing generates substantial residual biomass\u2014including stems, culls, and spent substrate\u2014that represents an underexploited dietary source of ergothioneine (EGT), a naturally occurring antioxidant with exceptional neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Since humans cannot synthesize EGT endogenously, dietary intake is essential for maintaining neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases. This review examines sustainable extraction strategies\u2014including hot-water, ultrasound-assisted, and high-hydrostatic-pressure methods\u2014enabling integration into circular biorefinery systems. Applications in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals targeting oxidative stress-related neurodegeneration are highlighted. Despite challenges in standardization and regulatory approval, valorizing mushroom residuals offers a sustainable pathway to increase dietary availability of this neuroprotective antioxidant, supporting both environmental sustainability and therapeutic innovation for neurodegenerative disease prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30234621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T16:47:37Z","timestamp":1764780457000},"page":"4621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ergothioneine: An Antioxidative, Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Compound from Mushroom Residuals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0806-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Harasym","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118\/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Adaptive Food Systems Accelerator-Science Centre, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komadorska 118\/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alona","family":"Tiupova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118\/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9427-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Pejcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118\/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0043","article-title":"Ergothioneine: A stress vitamin with antiaging, vascular, and neuroprotective roles?","volume":"36","author":"Paul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxid. 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