{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:37:25Z","timestamp":1790116645917,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["E-26\/201.211\/2022 (274477)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/201.211\/2022 (274477)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Young Researcher UFBA 2024 Call","award":["PRPPG 010\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRPPG 010\/2024"]}]},{"name":"Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute and CNPq"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This multidisciplinary study investigates Piper rivinoides, a Brazilian medicinal species, focusing on its chemical composition and antimycobacterial potential. UHPLC-HRMS\/MS of leaves, stems, branches, and roots revealed 58 compounds, including neolignans, lignanamides, triterpenes, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Fourteen metabolites, notably benzofuran neolignans and pentacyclic triterpenes are annotated here for the first time. Quantitative analyses by HPLC-DAD-UV showed that eupomatenoid-5, eupomatenoid-6, and conocarpan were most abundant in leaves, reaching amounts approximately twice those found in branches and stems and about ten times higher than in roots, supporting the optimal defense theory and organ-specific accumulation of bioactive metabolites. Biological assays against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains H37Rv and M299 revealed strong inhibitory activity for the leaf extract and isolated neolignans. Eupomatenoid-5 and eupomatenoid-6 achieved inhibition comparable to rifampicin, with low MIC50 values, while conocarpan exhibited moderate activity. Antimycobacterial effects were more pronounced against the H37Rv strain, although relevant inhibition was also observed for the hypervirulent M299 strain. These findings highlight P. rivinoides as a rich source of benzofuran neolignans and promising antimycobacterial properties. The integration of advanced mass spectrometric analyses with bioassays demonstrates the value of combining chemical and biological approaches to uncover novel natural products. The putative identification of new neolignans and triterpenes, along with the confirmation of potent antimycobacterial activity, provides a robust foundation for further studies on biosynthesis, structure\u2013activity relationships, and potential biotechnological applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30244682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T10:35:51Z","timestamp":1765190151000},"page":"4682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Organ-Specific Distribution of Antimycobacterial Neolignans in Piper rivinoides and UHPLC-HRMS\/MS Analysis of Its Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5296-6761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9ssica Sales","family":"Felisberto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, S\u00e3o Francisco Xavier, Rio de Janeiro 20950-000, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Botanical Garden Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Le\u00e3o, 915, Jardim Bot\u00e2nico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2011-2504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thayssa Ferreira","family":"Fagundes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botanical Garden Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Le\u00e3o, 915, Jardim Bot\u00e2nico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Recenor Biology Laboratory, Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rua Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4420-078X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorraynne","family":"Oliveira-Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, S\u00e3o Francisco Xavier, Rio de Janeiro 20950-000, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Botanical Garden Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Le\u00e3o, 915, Jardim Bot\u00e2nico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2303-3016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Henrique Gomes","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, S\u00e3o Francisco Xavier, Rio de Janeiro 20950-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6474-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Machado","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, S\u00e3o Francisco Xavier, Rio de Janeiro 20950-000, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Botanical Garden Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Le\u00e3o, 915, Jardim Bot\u00e2nico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5639-1651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeferson Adriano","family":"Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botanical Garden Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Le\u00e3o, 915, Jardim Bot\u00e2nico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Recenor Biology Laboratory, Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rua Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samik Louren\u00e7o","family":"Massau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botanical Garden Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Le\u00e3o, 915, Jardim Bot\u00e2nico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2117-5518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlon H.","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioatives Products, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Alcides da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, 159, Maca\u00e9 27933-378, RJ, 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100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, May 27). 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