{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:05:48Z","timestamp":1791518748645,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"science and technology development project of the two demonstration zones of Xinjiang","award":["2022LQ04007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022LQ04007"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["ZYYCXTD-C-202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYYCXTD-C-202009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study focuses on polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola and Cistanche tubulosa, medicinal plants renowned for their health benefits. The \u201cwater extraction and alcohol precipitation\u201d method was used to obtain the crude polysaccharides of the wine-making residues of C. deserticola (CDP) and C. tubulosa (CTP), respectively. Then, ultrafiltration membrane (UFM), DEAE-52, and Sephadex-G75 or Smartdex-G100 gel chromatography were used to separate and purify the crude polysaccharides, yielding the homogeneous fractions CDP1-5-1, CDP2-2-2, CDP2-3-2, CTP1-5-1, and CTP1-5-3. Structural analysis was conducted by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detection (HPAEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), congo red, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CDP1-5-1 was found to be an arabinan, while CDP2-2-2 and CDP2-3-2 were agavin-like fructans with different molecular weights. CTP1-5-1 and CTP1-5-3 were identified as a heteropolysaccharide and a galacturonan, respectively. Immunological evaluation using RAW264.7 macrophages showed that they all significantly enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production, with CDP1-5-1 exhibiting the most potent activity. The structural\u2013activity relationship is summarized as follows: the arabinose was a key active unit with NO stimulatory effects. This research provides foundational data on the structure and immune-enhancing potential of Cistanche polysaccharides, supporting their further development and application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30244754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:52:31Z","timestamp":1765543951000},"page":"4754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparison of Extraction, Isolation, Purification, Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Two Species of Cistanche"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jingya","family":"Ruan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3216-1162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, 18 Zhengyang Road, High-Tech Industrial Development Zone (Xinshi District), Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lequan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang LifeCore High-Tech Co., Ltd., 55 Dongrong Road, Urumqi High-Tech Industrial Development Zone (Xinshi District), Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang LifeCore High-Tech Co., Ltd., 55 Dongrong Road, Urumqi High-Tech Industrial Development Zone (Xinshi District), Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-022-3522-y","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of polysaccharides extracted from Chinese medicine targeting gut microbiota for promoting health","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. 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