{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T15:58:30Z","timestamp":1765814310875,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Centre of Science, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24\/53\/N\/ST8\/03809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24\/53\/N\/ST8\/03809"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Centre of Science, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22\/47\/O\/ST8\/01853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22\/47\/O\/ST8\/01853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007835","name":"Silesian University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31\/010\/SDU20\/0006-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31\/010\/SDU20\/0006-10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007835","name":"Silesian University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04\/040\/RGJ25\/0301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04\/040\/RGJ25\/0301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The integration of bioethanol into transportation fuels requires efficient purification methods to overcome the ethanol\u2013water azeotrope, which cannot be separated by conventional distillation. Pervaporation has become an attractive alternative, offering high selectivity while minimising energy consumption. To further improve membrane performance, this study analyses sodium alginate-based hybrid membranes containing binary mixtures of chromite selenides with varying magnetic properties (ZnCr2Se4, CdCr2Se4, and CuCr2Se4). Pairwise combinations of these fillers were introduced to create complex magnetic structures that can influence polymer\u2013filler interactions and molecular transport. Structural, magnetic, and functional characterisation showed that membrane properties were strongly dependent on the type and proportion of fillers. In particular, the CdCr2Se4 with CuCr2Se4 combination exhibited the most favourable balance between permeation flux and selectivity, achieving the highest parameters, including pervaporation separation index (PSI) reaching 747 kg\u00b7m\u22122\u00b7h\u22121. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction of these two magnetic fillers, which enhances membrane selectivity while maintaining its integrity. This work presents a novel approach to membrane-based separation, advancing the development of energy-efficient, environmentally sustainable bioethanol purification technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30244784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T15:52:59Z","timestamp":1765813979000},"page":"4784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Flux Enhancement in Hybrid Pervaporation Membranes Filled with Mixed Magnetic Chromites ZnCr2Se4, CdCr2Se4 and CuCr2Se4"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Jakubski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, PhD School, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6025-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Jendrzejewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6482-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Chrobak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pu\u0142ku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5188-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaudiusz","family":"Go\u0142ombek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Research Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6182-2652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Dudek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2007.11.001","article-title":"Progress in Bioethanol Processing","volume":"34","author":"Balat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. 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