{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:39:51Z","timestamp":1792460391611,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Education and Science, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WZ\/WB-II\u015a\/7\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WZ\/WB-II\u015a\/7\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer has increased significantly; therefore, much attention is being paid to research on natural plant-based raw materials in the treatment and prevention of cancer as well as in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections. Therefore, Chlorella vulgaris algae extract and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)\u2014a plant hormone with potential anticancer and antimicrobial properties\u2014were selected for the study. The main objective was to evaluate the effect of algae extract and IAA on the proliferation of cells from three different breast cancer lines: MCF-7, ZR-75-1, and MDA-MB-231. In addition, an analysis of apoptosis and oxidative stress parameters in cancer cells was performed, as well as an assessment of IAA toxicity towards E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the extract is effective against estrogen-dependent cells, while the effect of IAA alone varies depending on the microorganism studied, the cell line analyzed, and the concentration used. The extract in selected concentrations induces apoptosis and activates oxidative stress mechanisms, while IAA exhibits cytotoxicity at higher concentrations and stimulates proliferation at lower concentrations. This indicates the need to investigate the mechanisms of action of both Chlorella vulgaris algae extract and IAA in cancer and bacterial cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31020275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T11:42:58Z","timestamp":1768304578000},"page":"275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorella vulgaris BA02 Algae Extract Containing Indole-3-Acetic Acid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7711-3017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Jab\u0142o\u0144ska-Trypu\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6154-435X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Wydro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8390-2947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Wo\u0142ejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4991-5813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kondzior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2807-4978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Leszczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3151-9249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Estevan Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Aplicada, Instituto de Bioingenier\u00eda, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zge","family":"Karaka\u015f Metin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, \u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart University, \u00c7anakkale 17000, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6737-706X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzena Ewa","family":"Smolewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6548-5083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Kr\u0119towski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2806-399X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzanna","family":"Cechowska-Pasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8783-454X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Cudowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Water Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25516","article-title":"Estimates of Worldwide Burden of Cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008","volume":"127","author":"Ferlay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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