{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T19:05:41Z","timestamp":1768763141203,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Increase or Decrease Branch Program of the Central level","award":["2060302-1904-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302-1904-24"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023YFC3504002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3504002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82574543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82574543"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Grant Number: 252300423157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Number: 252300423157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Isodonis Excisoidis Herba (IEH) is a newly discovered herbal medicine used to treat esophageal cancer, chronic pharyngitis, and hepatitis, and ent-kaurane diterpenoids are its main active components. However, systematic studies on the chemical profile of ent-kaurane diterpenoids are lacking. In this study, UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was performed to investigate the fragmentation behaviors of three different types of ent-kaurane diterpenoids from IEH. Bridgehead-unsubstituted 7,20-epoxy-ent-kaurane diterpenoids yielded ions with typical losses of R7H, R1H, R14H, CH2O, CO, and R6H. The [M + NH4 \u2212 NH3 \u2212 R20]+ precursor ions at 331.1895 and the characteristic ions at m\/z 313.1792, 295.1686, 285.1842, 277.1581, 267.1737, and 249.1632 were the most possible fragmentation pathways for bridgehead-substituted 7,20-epoxy-ent-kaurane diterpenoids. Fragmentation with the successive loss of multiple 18, 42, or 60 Da occurring in the OH groups and OAc groups is characteristic of 7,20-non-epoxy-kaurane diterpenoids. Using accurate mass measurements for each precursor ion and the subsequent fragmented ions, a total of 94 ent-kaurane diterpenoids were identified or tentatively characterized in IEH, including 48 potentially new ent-kaurane diterpenoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31020317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T14:46:33Z","timestamp":1768574793000},"page":"317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization and Identification of the Ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids in Isodonis Excisoidis Herba Using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Xiaoya","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"Henan Lingrui Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Jiangjun Road, Xinxian, Xinyang 465550, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8454-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conglong","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0449-168X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suiqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaozu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202200748","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202200748","article-title":"Screening and Capability Assessment of Tyrosinase Inhibitors in Isodon excisoides by Ultrafiltration Coupled with UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Molecular Docking Technology","volume":"19","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. 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