{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T03:00:19Z","timestamp":1787626819308,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development","award":["ADER 6.5.4\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ADER 6.5.4\/2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cardiac ischemia (CI) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, prompting an ongoing search for new treatment options. This study explored and compared the preventive cardioprotective effects of polyphenols extracted from red (RGP) and white grape pomace (WGP) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischemia, with a focus on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Materials and Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: I\u2014Saline, II\u2014Saline+ISO, III\u2014Ramipril+ISO, IV\u2014WGP+ISO, and V\u2014RGP+ISO. CI was induced in Groups II\u2013V with ISO (45 mg\/kg, on day 13), a dose widely used to reproducibly induce myocardial ischemic injury in experimental models. Electrocardiographic parameters, serum oxidative markers, cytokines, and tissue homogenates from the liver and heart were analyzed on day 14. Results: ISO significantly shortened the RR interval and increased the ventricular rate, without significant modulation by any treatment. The reduction in R-wave amplitude caused by ISO was lessened in all treated groups, with RGP showing values closer to Saline (RGP+ISO vs. Saline, p = 0.329). No differences were found among groups for PR segment, QRS duration, QT, or QTc intervals. Furthermore, all treated groups (III\u2013V) showed significant improvements in oxidative and inflammatory markers compared to Saline+ISO (p &lt; 0.05), with RGP demonstrating the strongest antioxidant activity by maintaining MDA and NO levels close to Saline (RGP+ISO vs. Saline, p &gt; 0.05), while WGP exhibited superior anti-inflammatory effects in cardiac tissue by preserving IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 levels comparable to controls (WGP+ISO vs. Saline, p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Grape pomace, especially RGP, may offer cardioprotection by decreasing oxidative stress, while WGP more effectively reduces inflammation. The complementary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects observed suggest that combining GP extracts may represent a promising hypothesis for future cardiovascular research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31020383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T17:52:38Z","timestamp":1769190758000},"page":"383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Red and White Grape Pomace Possess Cardioprotective Effects by Modulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Ischemic Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4883-3856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Claudiu","family":"M\u0103gureanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Morphofunctional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u0219, No 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1899-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raluca Maria","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Morphofunctional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u0219, No 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7075-8867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica Sanda","family":"Chedea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), 515400 Blaj, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6185-7129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul-Mihai","family":"Boarescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, \u201cStefan cel Mare\u201d University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Emergency County Hospital Saint John the New, 720229 Suceava, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8976-1011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u0103d\u0103lina Luciana","family":"Gherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Centre of \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur, No 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0570-0642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0218tefan Horia","family":"Ro\u0219ian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cNiculae St\u0103ncioiu\u201d Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, 19-21 Calea Mo\u021bilor Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology\u2014Heart Institute, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mo\u021bilor Street No. 19-21, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floricu\u021ba","family":"Ranga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur, No 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5310-5439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Sorina","family":"Giurca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), 515400 Blaj, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena Mihaela","family":"Jianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology, Department of Morphofunctional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u0219, No 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Florinela","family":"C\u0103toi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology, Department of Morphofunctional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3511-2788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca Dana","family":"Buzoianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Morphofunctional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u0219, No 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3279-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Corina","family":"Bocsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Morphofunctional Sciences, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u0219, No 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2021). 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