{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T10:51:04Z","timestamp":1770807064417,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wake Forest University Health Sciences"},{"name":"Wake Forest Innovations"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005562","name":"North Carolina Biotechnology Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008893","name":"University of Iowa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21-CA219899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21-CA219899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21-CA227709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21-CA227709"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"DoD","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-19-1-0046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-19-1-0046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011912","name":"Washington University School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DESC0008657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DESC0008657"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostate cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer death in men. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a robust biomarker that is expressed in approximately 80% of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer; several theranostic strategies have emerged based upon targeting this biomarker. This report describes a dimeric aptamer complex (DAC) which is selective for PSMA+ cancer cells and is amenable to derivatization with additional diagnostic and therapeutic molecules. Confocal microscopy confirmed the selective nature of the DAC for PSMA+ LNCAP tumor cells. In addition, the affinity of the DAC for the PSMA protein was determined to be 2.16 \u00b1 0.15 nM using biolayer interferometry (BLI). In proof-of-principle studies, this DAC was biotinylated (BioDAC; A10), complexed with streptavidin (SA), and radiolabeled with the positron-emitting radioisotope zirconium-89 (89Zr: t\u00bd = 78.4 h, \u03b2+: 22.8%) to form the radiopharmaceutical [89Zr]Zr-Df-SA-BioDAC ([89Zr]Zr-A12). Acute biodistribution studies revealed elevated levels of radioactivity in PSMA+ tumors when compared to PSMA\u2212 tumors. Radioactivity retention in the kidney was high due to the presence of streptavidin, while radioactivity retention in the liver was comparable with that of other radiolabeled aptamer complexes. Accordingly, the data suggests that the radiopharmaceutical will need to be redesigned using a strategy that is not reliant on a biotin\u2013streptavidin paradigm before additional preclinical assessments are made and clinical translation can be attempted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31030493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T15:38:12Z","timestamp":1770046692000},"page":"493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preclinical Evaluation of a Radiolabeled Anti-PSMA Dimeric Aptamer in a Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4701-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akesh","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6288-5172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darpan N.","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6175-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prabhakar","family":"Eeka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0436-3020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olcay","family":"Boyacioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering, Adnan Menderes University, Zafer 09100, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1883-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William H.","family":"Gmeiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9913-0336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thaddeus J.","family":"Wadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00243-0","article-title":"Prostate cancer","volume":"7","author":"Rebello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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