{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T10:54:58Z","timestamp":1770807298790,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myrciaria tenella (cambu\u00ed) is a native Brazilian fruit traditionally recognized for its sensory attributes and medicinal properties, including antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and gastroprotective activities. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of unripe and ripe M. tenella fruits using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Four extracts were prepared: aqueous unripe (VA), aqueous ripe (MA), hydroethanolic unripe (VE), and hydroethanolic ripe (ME). Antioxidant activity was assessed through biochemical assays and cellular models using NIH\/3T3 fibroblasts and RAW 264.7 macrophages. In RAW 264.7 cells, oxidative stress modulation was investigated using hydrogen peroxide-induced stress and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production. In NHI\/3T3 cells, wound healing, copper sulphate (CuSO4)-induced oxidative stress, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and nuclear morphology following DAPI staining were evaluated. Total phenolic content was quantified using the Folin\u2013Ciocalteu method and analyzed by HPLC-DAD. In vivo toxicity and antioxidant protection were assessed using Tenebrio molitor larvae exposed to CuSO4-induced oxidative stress. Among the extracts, VE exhibited the highest metal-chelating activity (Cu: 78.6%; Fe: 37.7%) and total phenolic content (50.64 mg GAE\/mg). HPLC-DAD analysis identified gallic acid in all extracts, kaempferol derivatives in hydroethanolic extracts (VE and ME), and catechin derivatives in aqueous extracts (VA and MA). All extracts were non-cytotoxic and demonstrated protective effects against oxidative stress in vitro. In vivo assays confirmed the absence of toxicity and significant antioxidant protection, with VE resulting in 80% larval survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31040602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T12:42:42Z","timestamp":1770640962000},"page":"602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antioxidant Potential of Myrciaria tenella Fruit Extracts: In Vitro and In Vivo Protection Against Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5266-9038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f4nica Giuliani de Queiroz","family":"Aquino-Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de Plantas e An\u00e1lise em Microscopia (LTPAM), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria L\u00facia da Silva","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de Plantas e An\u00e1lise em Microscopia (LTPAM), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0257-9882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariana Pereira da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de Plantas e An\u00e1lise em Microscopia (LTPAM), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georggia F\u00e1tima Silva","family":"Naliato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59077-080, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elielson Rodrigo","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Fitoqu\u00edmica, Departamento de Bot\u00e2nica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5016-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel Cordeiro","family":"Theodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59077-080, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0226-1231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah Yara Alves Cursino dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Fitoqu\u00edmica, Departamento de Bot\u00e2nica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2252-1221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Alexandre Oliveira","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia de Pol\u00edmeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4690-2785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia Castanho","family":"Scortecci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de Plantas e An\u00e1lise em Microscopia (LTPAM), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1320","article-title":"Treating oxidative stress in heart failure: Past, present and future","volume":"21","author":"Voors","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56822","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14513-1","article-title":"Gallic acid suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress through modulating Nrf2-HO-1-NF-\u03baB signaling pathways in elastase-induced emphysema in rats","volume":"28","author":"Sohrabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teleanu, D.M., Niculescu, A.G., Lungu, I.I., Radu, C.I., Vlad\u00e2cenco, O., Roza, E., Cost\u0103chescu, B., Grumezescu, A.M., and Teleanu, R.I. (2022). An overview of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23115938"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03","DOI":"10.34172\/npj.2021.03","article-title":"Herbal antioxidants and renal ischemic reperfusion injury; an updated review","volume":"10","author":"Asgharpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nephropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03562-9","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: Chronic diseases and aging","volume":"97","author":"Jomova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.117.309819","article-title":"Akt2 (Protein Kinase B Beta) stabilizes ATP7A, a copper transporter for extracellular superoxide dismutase, in vascular smooth muscle: Novel mechanism to limit endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"38","author":"Sudhahar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.21.580","article-title":"A review of the types and characteristics of healthy life expectancy and methodological issues","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Prev. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Padhy, I., Paul, P., Sharma, T., Banerjee, S., and Mondal, A. (2022). Molecular mechanisms of action of eugenol in cancer: Recent trends and advancement. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12111795"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113046","article-title":"Trends in functional beverages: Functional ingredients, processing technologies, stability, health benefits, and consumer perspective","volume":"170","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da Costa, J.S., Andrade, W.M.S., Figueiredo, R.O., Santos, P.V.L., Freitas, J.J.S., Setzer, W.N., Silva, J.K.R., Maia, J.G.S., and Figueiredo, P.L.B. (2022). Chemical composition and variability of the volatile components of Myrciaria species growing in the Amazon region. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072234"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2100054","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202100054","article-title":"Determination of the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Eugenia copacabanensis and Myrciaria tenella Leaves (Myrtaceae) using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model","volume":"18","author":"Pires","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110518","article-title":"Jaboticaba berry: A comprehensive review on its polyphenol composition, health effects, metabolism, and the development of food products","volume":"147","author":"Inada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziyatdinova, G., and Kalmykova, A. (2023). Electrochemical characterization of the antioxidant properties of medicinal plants and products: A review. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052308"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-019-00792-0","article-title":"Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Three Edible Ripening Stages of Yellow Guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) After Acidic Hydrolysis by LC-MS\/MS","volume":"75","author":"Schulz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.14295\/cs.v9i4.2351","article-title":"Chemical characterization and antioxidant capacity of \u2018Cambui\u2019 (Myrciaria tenella) products","volume":"9","author":"Rybka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comun. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, A.K., Dhua, S., Sahu, P.P., Abate, G., Mishra, P., and Mastinu, A. (2021). Variation in phytochemical, antioxidant and volatile composition of pomelo fruit (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) during seasonal growth and development. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10091941"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, L., Gao, W., Song, M., Li, M., He, D., and Wang, Z. (2022). Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis of fruit flavor and carotenoids biosynthesis differences between mature-green and tree-ripe of cv. \u201cGolden Phoenix\u201d mangoes (Mangifera indica L.). Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.816492"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Pu, J., Tang, Y., Wang, M., Tian, K., Wang, Y., Lou, X., and Deng, Q. (2022). Changes in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity during development of \u2018Qiangcuili\u2019 and \u2018Cuihongli\u2019 fruit. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11203198"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2010.11.003","article-title":"Essential oils of four Myrtaceae species from the Brazilian southeast","volume":"38","author":"Nakamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2020.100777","article-title":"The in vivo anti-inflammatory potential of Myrciaria glazioviana fruits and its chemical profile using mass spectrometry","volume":"38","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.12.064","article-title":"Active compounds and medicinal properties of Myrciaria genus","volume":"153","author":"Borges","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.07.009","article-title":"Evaluation of phenolic-linked bioactives of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia Mc. Vaugh) for antihyperglycemia, antihypertension, antimicrobial properties and cellular rejuvenation","volume":"77","author":"Fujita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, A.R.C., Cordeiro, M.L.d.S., Silva, L.M.P., Cadavid, C.O.M., Caland, R.B.d.O., Fernandes-Negreiros, M.M., Queiroz, M.F., Barbosa, J.d.S., Arag\u00e3o, C.F.S., and Zucolotto, S.M. (2019). Myrciaria tenella (DC.) O. Berg (Myrtaceae) leaves as a source of antioxidant compounds. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8080310"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"USDA-ARS (US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service) (2025, December 28). USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 25, Software 1.2.2 from the Nutrient Data Laboratory Page on the World Wide Web, Available online: http:\/\/www.nal.usda.gov\/fnic\/foodcomp."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.11.104","article-title":"Meeso Phytochemicals, vitamin C and sugar content of Thai wild fruits","volume":"126","author":"JKubola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202200864","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202200864","article-title":"Myrciaria Genus: Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities","volume":"19","author":"Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"225","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of gallic acid in health and diseases: A mechanistic review","volume":"22","author":"Kahkeshani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, D., Zheng, B., Du, H., Han, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Gao, Y., Sun, S., and Chu, L. (2020). The mechanism underlying the protective effects of tannic acid against isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis in mice. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00716"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"149","article-title":"Study of the effect of Allium porrum on hypertension induced in rats","volume":"41","author":"Badary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lat. Am. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-023-03763-4","article-title":"Tracking the variations in trace elements, some nutrients, phenolics, and anthocyanins in Grewia asiatica L. (Phalsa) at different fruit development stages","volume":"202","author":"Saeed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.460977","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted polymer as solid phase extraction phase for condensed tannin determination from Brazilian natural sources","volume":"1620","author":"Martins","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.15327","article-title":"Response surface optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) seed coat based on chemical properties and bioactivity","volume":"85","author":"Willemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, J., Zhang, X., Kan, Q., and Chu, X. (2022). Antioxidant activity of Acanthopanax senticosus flavonoids in H2O2-induced RAW 264.7 cells and DSS-induced colitis in mice. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092872"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.108551","article-title":"Hydroalcoholic Myrciaria dubia (camu-camu) seed extracts prevent chromosome damage and act as antioxidant and cytotoxic agents","volume":"125","author":"Carmo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/15538362.2016.1143433","article-title":"Chemical composition and bioactivity of pomace from selected fruits","volume":"16","author":"Nagarajaiah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Fruit Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.19-0133","article-title":"Natural polyphenols: Chemical classification, definition of classes, subcategories, and structures","volume":"102","author":"Singla","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"220","article-title":"Rhizoma Paridis total saponins alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury by upregulating the Nrf2 pathway","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"51","article-title":"Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of extracts and isolated compounds from Myrciaria ferruginea (Myrtaceae)","volume":"11","author":"Lima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rec. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, X., Bai, D., Wei, Z., Zhang, Y., Huang, Y., Deng, H., and Huang, X. (2019). Curcumin attenuates oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216711"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.01.022","article-title":"Protective effects of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) peel phenolics on H2O2-induced oxidative damages in HepG2 cells and d-galactose-induced aging mice","volume":"108","author":"Zhuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-023-01125-0","article-title":"Cuproptosis: P53-regulated metabolic cell death?","volume":"30","author":"Xiong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20174","article-title":"Copper in diseases and treatments, and copper-based anticancer strategies","volume":"30","author":"Tisato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.2200554","article-title":"Copper metabolism in cell death and autophagy","volume":"19","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf0529","article-title":"Copper induces cell death by targeting lipoylated TCA cycle proteins","volume":"375","author":"Tsvetkov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"mfad040","DOI":"10.1093\/mtomcs\/mfad040","article-title":"Revisiting the pro-oxidant activity of copper: Interplay of ascorbate, cysteine, and glutathione","volume":"15","author":"Falcone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002697","article-title":"Copper homeostasis dysregulation promoting cell damage and the association with liver diseases","volume":"136","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2023.07.004","article-title":"Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in cardiovascular disease therapeutics","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1039\/d0mt00168f","article-title":"Neuron-glia: Understanding cellular copper homeostasis, its cross-talk and their contribution towards neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"12","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fialov\u00e1, S.B., Kurin, E., Traj\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1, E., J\u00e1no\u0161ov\u00e1, L., \u0160u\u0161an\u00edkov\u00e1, I., Teke\u013eov\u00e1, D., Nagy, M., and Mu\u010daji, P. (2020). Mentha rhizomes as an alternative source of natural antioxidants. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010200"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2023.24.4.1265","article-title":"Anti-cancer effect and active phytochemicals of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. against human breast cancer cells","volume":"24","author":"Inthi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-015-9877-1","article-title":"In vitro antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing Properties of a mononuclear copper(II) complex with dppz ligand, in two genotypically different breast cancer cell lines","volume":"28","author":"Dhivya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb43010021","article-title":"DNA-DAPI interaction-based method for cell proliferation rate evaluation in 3D structures","volume":"43","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2022.111852","article-title":"Evaluation of DNA\/BSA interaction and in vitro cell cytotoxicity of \u03bc2-oxido bridged divanadium(V) complexes containing ONO donor ligands","volume":"233","author":"Patra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"141","article-title":"Antiadipogenic and antiobesogenic effects of pterostilbene in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte models","volume":"47","author":"Canatar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk. J. Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moghadam, S.E., Moridi Farimani, M., Soroury, S., Ebrahimi, S.N., and Jabbarzadeh, E. (2019). Hypermongone C Accelerates Wound Healing through the Modulation of Inflammatory Factors and Promotion of Fibroblast Migration. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24102022"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"263","article-title":"The effects of Aloe vera on wound healing in cell proliferation, migration, and viability","volume":"30","author":"Teplicki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derici, G.E., \u00d6zda\u015f, S., Canatar, I., and Ko\u00e7, M. (2021). Antidiabetic activities of Bolanthus spergulifolius (Caryophyllaceae) extracts on insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252707"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4045365","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4045365","article-title":"Antioxidant and wound healing property of gelsolin in 3T3-L1 cells","volume":"2020","author":"Vaid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2021.1899993","article-title":"Essential oil of Myrciaria tenella (DC.) O. Berg: Effects of distillation time on its chemical composition and evaluation of its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects","volume":"33","author":"Martins","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zacharis, C., Bonos, E., Giannenas, I., Skoufos, I., Tzora, A., Voidarou, C., Tsinas, A., Fotou, K., Papadopoulos, G., and Mitsagga, C. (2023). Utilization of Tenebrio molitor larvae reared with different substrates as feed ingredients in growing pigs. Vet. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10060393"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106106","article-title":"Biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae","volume":"145","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cordeiro, M.L.d.S., Aquino-Martins, V.G.d.Q., da Silva, A.P., Naliato, G.F.S., Silveira, E.R., Theodoro, R.C., da Santos, D.Y.A.C., Rocha, H.A.O., and Scortecci, K.C. (2023). Exploring the antioxidant potential of Talisia esculenta using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15173855"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naccarato, A., Vommaro, M.L., Amico, D., Sprovieri, F., Pirrone, N., Tagarelli, A., and Giglio, A. (2023). Triazine Herbicide and NPK Fertilizer Exposure: Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Rare Earth Elements, Effects on Cuticle Melanization, and Immunocompetence in the Model Species Tenebrio molitor. Toxics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11060499"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka, M., Sato, A., Kishimoto, Y., Mabashi-Asazuma, H., Kondo, K., and Iida, K. (2020). Gallic acid inhibits lipid accumulation via AMPK pathway and suppresses apoptosis and macrophage-mediated inflammation in hepatocytes. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051479"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2022.2151632","article-title":"Amelioration effects of the soybean lecithin-gallic acid complex on iron-overload-induced oxidative stress and liver damage in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"61","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahimifard, M., Baeeri, M., Bahadar, H., Moini-Nodeh, S., Khalid, M., Haghi-Aminjan, H., Mohammadian, H., and Abdollahi, M. (2020). Therapeutic effects of gallic acid in regulating senescence and diabetes: An in vitro study. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245875"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.152906","article-title":"Antidiabetic potential of gallic acid from Emblica officinalis: Improved glucose transporters and insulin sensitivity through PPAR-\u03b3 and Akt signaling","volume":"73","author":"Variya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imran, M., Salehi, B., Sharifi-Rad, J., Gondal, T.A., Saeed, F., Imran, A., Shahbaz, M., Tsouh Fokou, P.V., Umair Arshad, M., and Khan, H. (2019). Kaempferol: A key emphasis to its anticancer potential. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24122277"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S227738","article-title":"The osteoprotective effects of kaempferol: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"13","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.08.065","article-title":"Isolation by pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) and identification using CPC and HPLC\/ESI\/MS of phenolic compounds from Brazilian cherry seeds (Eugenia uniflora L.)","volume":"145","author":"Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, B., Zhang, W., Lin, C., and Zhang, L. (2022). A comprehensive review on beneficial effects of catechins on secondary mitochondrial diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911569"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aquino-Martins, V.G.Q., Melo, L.F.M., Silva, L.M.P., Targino de Lima, T.R., Fernandes Queiroz, M., Viana, R.L.S., Zucolotto, S.M., Andrade, V.S., Rocha, H.A.O., and Scortecci, K.C. (2019). In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Biofilm, and Solar Protection Activities of Melocactus zehntneri (Britton Rose) Pulp Extract. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8100439"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1999.4019","article-title":"Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: Specific application to the determination of vitamin E","volume":"269","author":"Prieto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00018a005","article-title":"Antioxidative properties of xanthone on the auto oxidation of soybean in cyclodextrin emulsion","volume":"40","author":"Shimada","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00093a019","article-title":"Role of Ferritin as a Lipid Oxidation Catalyst in Muscle Food","volume":"38","author":"Decker","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pijuan, J., Barcel\u00f3, C., Moreno, D.F., Maiques, O., Sis\u00f3, P., Marti, R.M., Maci\u00e0, A., and Panosa, A. (2019). In Vitro Cell Migration, Invasion, and Adhesion Assays: From Cell Imaging to Data Analysis. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00107"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Presa, F.B., Marques, M.L.M., Viana, R.L.S., Nobre, L.T.D.B., Costa, L.S., and Rocha, H.A.O. (2018). The protective role of sulfated polysaccharides from green seaweed Udotea flabellum in cells exposed to oxidative damage. Marine Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16040135"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"10","article-title":"Detection of Total Reactive Oxygen Species in Adherent Cells by 2\u2032,7\u2032-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate Staining","volume":"160","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3109\/10520299509108199","article-title":"DAPI: A DNA-specific fluorescent probe","volume":"70","author":"Kapuscinski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biotech. Histochem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2006.07.034","article-title":"Anticoagulant activity of marine green and brown algae collected from Jeju Island in Korea","volume":"98","author":"Athukorala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"3928706","article-title":"Coccoloba alnifolia Leaf Extract as a Potential Antioxidant Molecule Using In Vitro and In Vivo Assays","volume":"2020","author":"Melo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-017-1441-7","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the response of Galleria mellonella against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infections","volume":"200","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/4\/602\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T05:29:01Z","timestamp":1770787741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/4\/602"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31040602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31040602","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]}}}