{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:38:40Z","timestamp":1771925920213,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00404936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00404936"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human breast milk harbors commensal lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential, and microbial fermentation may enhance the bioactivity of plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (EVs); this study evaluated whether L. plantarum BMSE-HMP251 isolated from breast milk could safely ferment Hordeum vulgare L. and improve the anti-inflammatory activity of derived EVs. BMSE-HMP251 was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and characterized by biochemical, safety, and genomic analyses. EVs derived from Hordeum vulgare L. extract and BMSE-HMP251-fermented broth were evaluated for physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated HT-29 and RAW 264.7 cells. EVs derived from Hordeum vulgare L. fermentation exhibited a distinct size distribution and significantly enhanced bioactivity, including higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and greater suppression of nitric oxide production and proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2) mRNA expression, compared with EVs from unfermented extracts. These effects were observed following fermentation with the human breast milk-derived strain L. plantarum BMSE-HMP251, which showed species-consistent phenotypic and genomic characteristics and no safety concerns. Overall, fermentation markedly enhances the anti-inflammatory potential of plant-derived EVs, supporting fermentation as a safe and effective strategy to improve their functional value.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31040679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T14:55:47Z","timestamp":1771253747000},"page":"679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exosome-like Nanovesicles from Hordeum vulgare L. Fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BMSE-HMP251 Ameliorate LPS-Induced Inflammation in HT-29 and RAW 264.7 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Duna","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ABio Materials Co., Ltd., 719, 16-25 Dongbaekjungang-ro 16beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2763-3161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin Hong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ABio Materials Co., Ltd., 719, 16-25 Dongbaekjungang-ro 16beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ABio Materials Co., Ltd., 719, 16-25 Dongbaekjungang-ro 16beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Si Jun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ABio Materials Co., Ltd., 719, 16-25 Dongbaekjungang-ro 16beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0407-3018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4098-8298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moochang","family":"Kook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Baewha Women\u2019s University, Seoul 03039, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biv084","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles: Composition, Biological Relevance, and Methods of Study","volume":"65","author":"Zaborowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27066","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.27066","article-title":"Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions","volume":"4","author":"Siljander","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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