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Escherichia coli, a permanent component of the gut microbiota under conditions favoring dysbiosis, can enhance inflammatory responses and influence neuroimmunological mechanisms related to the development of addiction. This study aims to review and analyze the available literature concerning the effects of selected naturally derived psychoactive substances on E. coli and on the functioning of the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis, with particular emphasis on inflammatory processes and their potential significance in the pathogenesis of addiction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31050893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T15:49:42Z","timestamp":1773071382000},"page":"893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interactions Between Plant-Derived Psychoactive Substances and Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8188-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Wr\u00f3blewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 24 Kar\u0142owicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5056-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"D\u0142ugosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Industry Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna St., 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9464-8419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martyna","family":"Modrzejewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 3 D\u0119bowa St., 85-626 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7887-132X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Wr\u00f3blewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 24 Kar\u0142owicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3474-5927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"Czarnecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 1 \u0141ukasiewicza St., 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4492-4796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 24 Kar\u0142owicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Psychoactive Natural Products: Overview of Recent Developments","volume":"50","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. 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