{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T06:42:01Z","timestamp":1774680121953,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21701047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21701047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Foundation of Jilin Provincial Department of Education","award":["JJKH20250944KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20250944KJ"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Foundation of Jilin Province of China","award":["20220101039JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220101039JC"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Foundation of Jilin Province of China","award":["20180520191JH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180520191JH"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Single-molecule white-light emitters have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs). Their key advantage lies in the ability to use a simple device structure, akin to that of monochromatic OLEDs, to produce WOLEDs. This approach not only simplifies the fabrication process but also reduces costs, improves device stability, and provides a shortcut for the rapid commercialization of WOLEDs. In this study, two novel single-molecule white-light emitters, SRFR-1PTZ (10-(4\u2032-(9H-9,9\u2032-spirobi[fluoren]-2-yl)-4a,10a-dihydro-10H-phenothiazine) and SRFR-2PTZ (2,7-bis(4a,10a-dihydro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-9,9\u2032-spirobi[fluorene]), were designed and synthesized, and successfully implemented in WOLED devices. Comprehensive photophysical characterization revealed that both compounds exhibited dual-emission characteristics in dichloromethane solution, displaying simultaneous fluorescence and phosphorescence. Notably, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) was clearly observed for SRFR-1PTZ, whereas SRFR-2PTZ did not exhibit TADF behavior. Electroluminescence studies demonstrated that both SRFR-1PTZ and SRFR-2PTZ served as good color-stable cool-white-light emitters under driving voltages of 7\u201310 V.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31071082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:36:40Z","timestamp":1774532200000},"page":"1082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single-Molecule Color-Stable Cool-WOLED Emitters with Multicolored Emission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4309-5102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Xing","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material Growth and Device Applications, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4797-4863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material Growth and Device Applications, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zicong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material Growth and Device Applications, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4686-6809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunkai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material Growth and Device Applications, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material Growth and Device Applications, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material Growth and Device Applications, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material Growth and Device Applications, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiping","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengkun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material Growth and Device Applications, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangzhao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1126\/science.267.5202.1332","article-title":"Multilayer white light-emitting organic electroluminescent device","volume":"267","author":"Kido","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04645","article-title":"Management of singlet and triplet excitons for efficient white organic light-emitting devices","volume":"440","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08003","article-title":"White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube 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