{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T14:49:12Z","timestamp":1774536552537,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t              https:\/\/ror.org\/05tyne317","award":["AP23484620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP23484620"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mastitis in dairy cows, caused by pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, leads to substantial economic losses and contributes to antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the need for natural alternatives. This study assessed the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and in vitro antimicrobial effects of ethanol extracts from ten medicinal plants, including Populus balsamifera buds, Syzygium aromaticum, and Humulus lupulus, as well as two multi-component plant mixtures and commercial products against reference strains and field isolates of mastitis pathogens. Extracts exhibited total phenolic contents ranging from 2.5 to 43.0 mg GE\/g, with Populus balsamifera and Syzygium aromaticum demonstrating the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 1.89\u20132.9 mg\/g extract). Disc diffusion assays demonstrated broad-spectrum inhibition, particularly for Populus balsamifera (15.1\u201319.1 mm inhibition zones) and Humulus lupulus (9.0\u201318.4 mm) against key pathogens; phenolic and flavonoid contents positively correlated with antimicrobial activity (r = 0.63\u20130.99, p &lt; 0.001). Multi-component mixtures provided consistent broad-spectrum effects (12.6\u201317.2 mm). These phenolic-rich plant extracts represent promising alternatives to reduce antibiotic use in dairy mastitis management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31071089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:48:41Z","timestamp":1774532921000},"page":"1089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro Antimicrobial Potential of Medicinal Plant Extracts and Their Combinations Against Mastitis-Causing Bacteria in Dairy Cows"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5006-3224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuriy","family":"Balji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"LLP \u201cNFT-KATU\u201d, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2774-9575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Sultanayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"LLP \u201cNFT-KATU\u201d, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8471-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raikhan","family":"Mustafina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"LLP \u201cNFT-KATU\u201d, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4705-9883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meruyert","family":"Alyonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"LLP \u201cNFT-KATU\u201d, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9570-9263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleko","family":"Kalandia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health Care, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University (BSU), Batumi 6010, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2088-212X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indira","family":"Djafaridze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health Care, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University (BSU), Batumi 6010, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0926-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galia","family":"Zamaratskaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6945","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24626","article-title":"Global losses due to dairy cattle diseases: A comorbidity-adjusted economic analysis","volume":"107","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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