{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:18:29Z","timestamp":1774613909404,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Program Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","award":["2023CB009-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CB009-09"]}]},{"name":"Tarim University Graduate Research Innovation Project","award":["TDGRI2024009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDGRI2024009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sonchus oleraceus L., a member of the Asteraceae family native to Eurasia, is a herbaceous plant whose young stems and leaves are consumed globally as a medicinal and edible wild vegetable; it is rich in flavonoids and exhibits various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. This study optimized the extraction process of flavonoids from Xinjiang S. oleraceus using response surface methodology and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of luteoloside in vitro. Based on single-factor experiments and Box\u2013Behnken design, the effects of ethanol concentration, extraction time, solid-to-liquid ratio, and extraction temperature on flavonoid yield were investigated. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as ethanol concentration 62%, extraction time 30 min, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:91 g\/mL, and extraction temperature 64 \u00b0C, with a flavonoid yield of 21.64 mg\/g. After purification via polyamide column chromatography, the luteoloside content was determined by HPLC to be 44.06 \u03bcg\/g. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that a luteoloside concentration of 100 \u03bcmol\/L reduced the viability of Oryctolagus cuniculus colon epithelial cells to approximately 80%. ELISA results demonstrated that luteoloside significantly inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-\u03b1, while promoting the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. These findings indicate that luteoloside effectively alleviates LPS-induced cellular inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31071105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:32:47Z","timestamp":1774611167000},"page":"1105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization of Extraction Process for Flavonoids from Sonchus oleraceus L. and Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Luteoloside"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Sheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junyao","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaling","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4240-6848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ge, X.J., and Li, Y.R. 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