{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T15:50:08Z","timestamp":1774626608213,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lublin University of Technology\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t              https:\/\/ror.org\/024zjzd49","award":["FD-20\/EE-2\/407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FD-20\/EE-2\/407"]}]},{"name":"Lublin University of Technology\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t              https:\/\/ror.org\/024zjzd49","award":["FD-20\/EE-2\/420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FD-20\/EE-2\/420"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Basic zinc sulfate with an empirical formula of ZnSO4\u22193 Zn(OH)2\u22193.5 H2O (or Zn4SO4(OH)6\u22193.5 H2O) was precipitated using stoichiometric amounts of ZnSO4 and NaOH, followed by drying and storage in air. The XRD pattern suggests that the product contains tri- and tetrahydrate of basic zinc sulfate. Penta-, mono-, and hemihydrates of basic zinc sulfate can be produced by storing the original material in air at various temperatures and humidity levels, and especially by immersion in aqueous solutions. The precipitate was characterized by its specific surface area and zeta potential, and it has an isoelectric point (IEP) at pH 8.9. Ion exchange with an excess of CuSO4 results in conversion to brochantite Cu4(OH)6SO4 (as detected by XRD) and in an increase in the specific surface area. The conversion was complete at room temperature with a sufficient excess of CuSO4, but it was not complete at 50 or 60 \u00b0C. Apparently, the conversion into brochantite is exothermic. The IEP of brochantites obtained from ZnSO4\u22193 Zn(OH)2\u22193.5 H2O by ion exchange was at a pH of about 10, which is higher than the previously reported IEP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31071112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T14:33:33Z","timestamp":1774622013000},"page":"1112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrokinetic Potential of Basic Zinc Sulfate and of Products of Its Ion Exchange"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Skupi\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering and Smart Technologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5663-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Kalbarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering and Smart Technologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8593-611X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Kami\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry and Crystallography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria-Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University in Lublin, Pl. M Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9698-7190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Kosmulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering and Smart Technologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300965","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202300965","article-title":"Understanding the Role of Zinc Hydroxide Sulfate and Its Analogues in Mildly Acidic Aqueous Zinc Batteries: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2023.103150","article-title":"Role of Zinc Hydroxysulfates in the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Mild-Acid Zn-MnO2 Batteries","volume":"65","author":"Ha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.52215\/rev.bgs.2022.83.2.51","article-title":"Order of osakaite\u2013namuwite\u2013lahnsteinite formation during alkalization of sulfate solutions","volume":"83","author":"Delcheva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. 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