{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T10:10:18Z","timestamp":1775124618433,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004396","name":"Thailand Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRG5880120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRG5880120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Lipid metabolism, especially phospholipids, has been reported to be altered in PD. The purpose of this study is to investigate the temporal expression and spatial distribution of phospholipids in the motor cortex and striatum at different time points of PD using matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonian mouse model. Mice were injected with saline (NSS) or MPTP at two different time points to create acute and subacute models. Motor analysis was performed at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days post-injection. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) staining revealed progressive damage of neurons in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) and reduced striatal fibers in MPTP-treated animals. By using MALDI-MSI, we identified changes in phosphatidylcholine (PC) profiles in the brains of MPTP-treated animals. Polyunsaturated PCs, including PC 36:4 (16:0\/20:4), PC 38:6 (16:0\/22:6), and PC 40:8 (18:2\/22:6), were decreased in the MPTP-treated groups. These reductions were time-dependent and were more pronounced in the subacute MPTP-treated group. The loss of dopamine neurons caused by MPTP may be associated with the selective loss of polyunsaturated PCs in brain membranes, indicating that lipid metabolism and membrane structural alterations may contribute to the pathology of PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31071175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T09:26:12Z","timestamp":1775121972000},"page":"1175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alterations in Phospholipid Levels and Spatial Distribution in the Motor Cortex and Their Correlation with Motor Performance in an MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8430-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morakot","family":"Sroyraya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunwadee","family":"Noonong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"},{"name":"Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prasert","family":"Sobhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3298-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanapan","family":"Siangcham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanwisa","family":"Waiyaput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research Academic and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4541-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veerawat","family":"Sansri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kulathida","family":"Chaithirayanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2764-0465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pennapa","family":"Chonpathompikunlert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research Service Unit (P2CRSU), Biodiversity Research Centre (BRC), Research and Development Group for Bio-Industries, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01419-8","article-title":"The epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"403","author":"Darweesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00568-3","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: Mechanisms and models","volume":"39","author":"Dauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/ncn3.70013","article-title":"Elucidating Pathological Mechanisms and Developing Biomarkers of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Hatano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol. 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