{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T01:09:04Z","timestamp":1775437744090,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In traditional medicine, laboratory tests are essential tools used to evaluate practices in healthcare that use natural products, particularly when there are few established treatments such as in the case of chronic diseases like sickle cell disease (SCD). SCD is a genetic hemoglobin disorder associated with hemolysis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and vaso-occlusive complications. This study aims to document medicinal plants used in the management of SCD and the traditional practices associated with their use, in order to assess their added value in relation to biological activities relevant to SCD. First, this study carried out an ethnobotanical survey at Kisangani, with 384 participants. A total of 201 respondents, 58% of whom were women, identified 45 medicinal plant species from 30 families. They reported the use of sugar, caramel, ash, and lemon juice as additives in traditional remedies. Based on several criteria, Alchornea cordifolia M\u00fcll. Arg. and Hibiscus tiliaceus L. were selected for laboratory evaluation. Their leaves were collected from arid and marshy soils and prepared according to the respondents\u2019 descriptions for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assessments. A. cordifolia showed significantly higher activities than H. tiliaceus regarding antioxidant (p = 0.001) and anti-inflammatory (p = 0.01) properties. Soil type was observed to influence the bioactivity of H. tiliaceus, with better performance in marshy soil samples. Sugar and caramel were found to reduce antioxidant activity, whereas ash and lemon juice preserved it without markedly altering anti-inflammatory effects. These findings are promising for supporting local knowledge about these two plant species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31071192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:19:32Z","timestamp":1775434772000},"page":"1192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evidence-Based Management of Sickle Cell Disease: Ethnobotanical Survey and Laboratory Validation of Traditional Herbal Recipes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Marguerite","family":"Borive Amani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani P.O. Box 2012, Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULi\u00e8ge), 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mavar Manga","family":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani P.O. Box 2012, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9777-3023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mouithys Mickalad","family":"Ange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oxygen Research and Development\u2014CIRM, University of Liege, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nsasi Bakiantima","family":"Elodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani P.O. Box 2012, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ndezu Angirio","family":"Rachel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani P.O. Box 2012, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3201-7803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Memvanga Bondo","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche et d\u2019Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 (CRITESS), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Batina Agasa","family":"Salomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kisangani, Kisangani P.O. Box 2012, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marini Djang\u2019eing\u2019a","family":"Roland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani P.O. Box 2012, Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULi\u00e8ge), 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.87a.18051","article-title":"Sickle cell disease: Aprimary care update","volume":"87","author":"Onimoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cleve. Clin. J. 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