{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T08:52:38Z","timestamp":1775811158706,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Six 1,4-disubstituted pyrazoles linked to a benzenesulfonamide and a benzodioxane unit have been synthesized through a copper(I)-catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction of alkynes with 3-arylsydnones. The Cu-catalyzed sydnone\u2013alkyne cycloaddition (CuSAC) procedure has been optimized to promote the formation of the pyrazole ring and to deliver in three steps the six target compounds 5a\u2013f, fully characterized by 1H\/13C-NMR and mass spectrometry (EIMS). Ten solvent conditions were evaluated. The reaction proceeded most efficiently in the presence of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate in aqueous t-butanol in the presence sodium acetate, to reach a yield of 96%. The mechanism of the Cu(I)-catalyzed reaction has been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT). This rection is a domino process that consists in a Cu(I)-catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloaddition followed of an extrusion of CO2 yielding the final pyrazole. The capacity of heterocyclic compounds 5a\u2013f to interact with human cyclophilin A (Cyp A), which is a host cofactor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), and with the HIV-1 protein gp120-CD4 was evaluated using molecular docking. Compounds 5a,b,d,f showed a satisfactory protein binding capacity. The physicochemical and metabolic properties of the compounds were also evaluated in silico. These predictions provide important information to guide future design in this series of potential antiviral agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31081250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:55:12Z","timestamp":1775807712000},"page":"1250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experimental and MEDT Study of Sydnone\u2013Alkyne Cycloaddition-Based Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted Pyrazoles and In Silico Investigation of Their Binding to HCV and HIV Proteins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1919-4480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souad","family":"Zerbib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0051-512X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Eddahmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Processes, Advanced Materials and Computational Chemistry Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni Mellal, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Mghila, P.O. 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Box 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2973-9357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Bailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP-83, F-59006 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2023-0108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis R.","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Avd. 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