{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T18:30:22Z","timestamp":1788892222988,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32201249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32201249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32201249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32201249"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Five new oligophenalenone dimers, talarostipins A\u2013E (1\u20135), including four N-containing derivatives, together with sixteen known duclauxin analogues (6\u201321), were isolated from the soil fungus Talaromyces stipitatus, and their structures were identified by a combination of NMR spectroscopic analyses, HRESIMS and ECD spectra. Anti-neuroinflammatory activity evaluation indicated that duclauxamide C (8) significantly inhibited NO generation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells with an IC50 value of 5.0 \u00b1 0.7 \u03bcM. Transcriptome sequencing analysis indicated that 8 probably suppressed neuroinflammation by targeting the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. Further verification was conducted by Western blot analysis, which indicated that 8 exerted its anti-neuroinflammatory effect by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and p65.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31081308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:53:46Z","timestamp":1776426826000},"page":"1308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["New Oligophenalenone Dimers from Talaromyces stipitatus with Potential Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Food Safety in Higher Education Institutions, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Food Safety in Higher Education Institutions, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biaopeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Food Safety in Higher Education Institutions, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kehan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Food Safety in Higher Education Institutions, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengmin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Food Safety in Higher Education Institutions, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Food Safety in Higher Education Institutions, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"},{"name":"Selenium-Enriched Tea Research and Development Center, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3640-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Food Safety in Higher Education Institutions, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"},{"name":"Selenium-Enriched Tea Research and Development Center, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianli","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Food Safety in Higher Education Institutions, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"},{"name":"Selenium-Enriched Tea Research and Development Center, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01721-1","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Current Progress in Molecular Signaling and Therapeutics","volume":"46","author":"Thakur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-025-08898-2","article-title":"Targeting Microglial Activation to Modulate Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"27","author":"Patil","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuromol. 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