{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:16:36Z","timestamp":1785406596916,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016247","name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cs8k179","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluates the potential of marc, a by-product of clitoria (Clitoria ternatea L.) and borage (Borago officinalis L.) infusions, as a preliminary step toward their subsequent conversion into functional food ingredients. After infusion, the marc was collected and processed by carrier-assisted crushing, aqueous maceration, and subsequent separation into extract and residue fractions. The impact of flower pretreatment by milling and marc matrix modification by inulin and maltodextrin was studied on the physical (dry matter (DM), water activity, color), chemical (total phenolic content (TPC), sum of individual phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity), and solubility of the microencapsulated fractions. Inulin-formulated powders derived from intact flowers\u2019 marc were characterized by higher dry matter, decreased water activity, and improved chemical profiles. Under these conditions, clitoria by-products exhibited mean dry matter 94.17 \u00b1 0.20%, water activity 0.301 \u00b1 0.003, TPC 3.285 \u00b1 0.052 mg GAE\/g DM, sum of individual phenolic compounds 6.267 \u00b1 0.103 mg\/g DM, and ABTS-determined antioxidant capacity 0.100 \u00b1 0.001 mmol Trolox\/g DM. For borage by-products under identical conditions, dry matter content (\u22121.60%), water activity (\u221212.62%), TPC (\u221239.82%), sum of individual phenolic compounds (\u221267.55%), and antioxidant capacity (\u221265.00%) were lower compared with clitoria by-products. An efficient extraction and stabilization approach can open opportunities for upcycling post-extraction herbal residues into high-value food ingredients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31081335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T07:15:08Z","timestamp":1776669308000},"page":"1335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating the Potential of By-Products from Clitoria and Borage Flower Infusions for Valorization: A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Nesa","family":"Dibagar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego 37 Str., 51-630 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8212-7894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Michalska-Ciechanowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego 37 Str., 51-630 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicja","family":"Kucharska-Guzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego 37 Str., 51-630 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Laboratorium Analiz Chemicznych Spark-Lab Sp. z o.o., Aleja Zwyci\u0119stwa 96\/98, 81-451 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-025-10194-7","article-title":"Medicinal plants and human health: A comprehensive review of bioactive compounds, therapeutic effects, and applications","volume":"25","author":"Latif","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytochem. 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