{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:51:25Z","timestamp":1792039885891,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":228,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Medical University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#503\/1-156-04\/503-11-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#503\/1-156-04\/503-11-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["#503\/1-156-04\/503-11-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#503\/1-156-04\/503-11-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02t4ekc95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage due to limitations of current screening methods. Although surgical resection is the standard treatment, conventional tissue biopsies are invasive and restrict real-time assessment of tumor dynamics. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising noninvasive approach enabling repeated analysis of tumor-derived components in body fluids. Among these, exosomes have gained considerable attention as potential diagnostic biomarkers in CRC. This review summarizes current evidence on exosome biogenesis, molecular composition, and their diagnostic relevance in colorectal cancer. We discuss exosomal nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids as biomarkers detectable in patient samples, as well as analytical platforms used for their isolation and characterization, including ultracentrifugation-based methods, size-exclusion chromatography, nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, proteomics, lipidomics, and sequencing approaches. Accumulating data demonstrate that exosomal microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, proteins, and lipid signatures correlate with tumor progression, immune modulation, angiogenesis, and epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition. Advances in microfluidic technologies, Raman\/SERS spectroscopy, and AI-based data analysis are contributing to further improvements in diagnostic sensitivity and reproducibility. Despite their potential, the lack of standard isolation and validation protocols remains a major obstacle to clinical implementation, highlighting the need for large-scale multicenter studies before exosome biomarkers can be routinely used in CRC diagnostics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31081339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T07:15:08Z","timestamp":1776669308000},"page":"1339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diagnostic Potential of Exosomes in Colorectal Cancer: Current Advances and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Kinga","family":"Suska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Piotrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-2303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"Jacenik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141\/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8443-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Fichna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327736","article-title":"Global Burden of Colorectal Cancer in 2020 and 2040: Incidence and Mortality Estimates from GLOBOCAN","volume":"72","author":"Morgan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2234","article-title":"Prognosis of Three Histological Subtypes of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 8005 Chinese Patients","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13171","article-title":"Aspects of Colorectal Cancer Screening, Methods, Age and Gender","volume":"289","author":"Hultcrantz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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