{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T05:33:36Z","timestamp":1777354416945,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023GXNSFBA026227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GXNSFBA026227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China","award":["24-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-5"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China","award":["23-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A polysaccharide from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. fruit (RTFP-2b) was isolated and purified. RTFP-2b has a molecular weight of 22.995 kDa and consists of nine monosaccharides, with arabinose (38.68%), galactose (21.86%), and galacturonic acid (14.83%) as its major components. Methylation and NMR analyses revealed dominant glycosidic linkages, including \u03b1-L-Araf-(1\u2192, \u21924)-\u03b1-D-GalpA-(1\u2192, \u21924)-\u03b1-D-Galp-(1\u2192, \u21925)-\u03b1-L-Araf-(1\u2192, \u21923)-\u03b1-L-Araf-(1\u2192, \u21922)-\u03b1-L-Rhap-(1\u2192, and \u21923,4,6)-\u03b2-D-Galp-(1\u2192. Bioactivity assays using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells showed that RTFP-2b exhibits dose-dependent immunomodulatory properties. When administered at lower concentrations (100\u2013200 \u03bcg\/mL), RTFP-2b enhanced phagocytosis and IL-1\u03b2 production. At higher concentrations (300\u2013400 \u03bcg\/mL), it significantly suppressed nitric oxide and showed biphasic regulation of IL-1\u03b2, but unexpectedly increased IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These immunomodulatory effects of RTFP-2b at higher doses were accompanied by inhibition of NF-\u03baB signaling. These findings indicate that RTFP-2b is a structurally distinct acidic polysaccharide with dose-dependent immunomodulatory properties, suggesting its potential application in functional foods or pharmaceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31081365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T16:10:44Z","timestamp":1776787844000},"page":"1365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. Fruits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9995-1281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huihui","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)\u2014ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)\u2014ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunfu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)\u2014ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueyan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)\u2014ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenhong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)\u2014ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyan","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)\u2014ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)\u2014ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chavda, V.P., Feehan, J., and Apostolopoulos, V. 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