{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T12:56:32Z","timestamp":1776948992330,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The high mortality rate from microbial infections underscores the need to discover new antimicrobials. This work produced antibacterial Chitosan biofilms with and without the incorporation of the ethanolic extract of Libidibia ferrea stem bark and its ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. The extract and fractions were subjected to FTIR and 1H NMR analysis. The biofilms were characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The 1H NMR and FTIR data, as well as the colorimetric quantification of total phenolics, demonstrated the presence of phenolic compounds. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus were the most susceptible bacteria for Chitosan\/L. ferrea biofilms and fractions (growth inhibition zones values in the range of 10.8 \u00b1 0.1 to 14.0 \u00b1 0.1 mm, and minimum inhibitory or bactericidal concentration, MIC or MBC values of the fractions were in the range of 125 to 250 \u00b5g mL\u22121. Only the fractions inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 250 \u00b5g mL\u22121). Chitosan\/L. ferrea biofilms exhibited efficient interactions between chitosan functional groups and secondary metabolites, good thermal stability, and increased rigidity in mechanical tests. This study reinforces the pharmacological potential of biodegradable Chitosan\/L. ferrea biofilms as antibacterial agents biofilms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31091392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T12:04:42Z","timestamp":1776945882000},"page":"1392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibacterial Biofilms of Chitosan Incorporated with the Ethanolic Extract of the Stem Bark of Libidibia ferrea and Its Fractions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Andreza Santos","family":"de Jesus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact and Earth Sciences I, UNEB-State University of Bahia, Silveira Martins Street, 2555 Cabula, Salvador 41150-000, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiane Nascimento","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact and Earth Sciences I, UNEB-State University of Bahia, Silveira Martins Street, 2555 Cabula, Salvador 41150-000, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9546-0792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena Carla Magalh\u00e3es","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact and Earth Sciences I, UNEB-State University of Bahia, Silveira Martins Street, 2555 Cabula, Salvador 41150-000, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna Regina Gonzalez","family":"de Santana Wojnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact and Earth Sciences I, UNEB-State University of Bahia, Silveira Martins Street, 2555 Cabula, Salvador 41150-000, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3026-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor Hugo","family":"Migues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact and Earth Sciences I, UNEB-State University of Bahia, Silveira Martins Street, 2555 Cabula, Salvador 41150-000, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaud Victor","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact and Earth Sciences I, UNEB-State University of Bahia, Silveira Martins Street, 2555 Cabula, Salvador 41150-000, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madson de Godoi","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact and Earth Sciences I, UNEB-State University of Bahia, Silveira Martins Street, 2555 Cabula, Salvador 41150-000, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4254-1078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes Cardoso de","family":"Souza Neta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact and Earth Sciences I, UNEB-State University of Bahia, Silveira Martins Street, 2555 Cabula, Salvador 41150-000, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6645-3414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Aparecida","family":"Alexandre Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, UFMG-Federal University of Minas Gerais, Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Av., 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Lassarote","family":"Lavall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, UFMG-Federal University of Minas Gerais, Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Av., 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jointm.2023.11.007","article-title":"Risk factors and mortality rates of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in intensive care units","volume":"4","author":"Unuvar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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