{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:28:02Z","timestamp":1785421682511,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002713","name":"Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IMSIU-DDRSP2601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMSIU-DDRSP2601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["IMSIU-DDRSP2601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMSIU-DDRSP2601"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05gxjyb39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Snail mucus is increasingly investigated as a biologically compatible source of multifunctional biomolecules for pharmaceutical and dermatological use. However, the chemical profile and biological activities of mucus from the Moroccan endemic terrestrial snail Otala tingitana remain poorly characterized. In addition, the influence of heliciculture diet on the composition and functional properties of the mucus remains unclear. Here, O. tingitana was reared for 140 days under controlled conditions and fed a basal flour diet or the same diet supplemented with 3% Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum compactum, or Thymus zygis subsp. zygis. Mucus from wild snails was included for comparison. Mucus samples were chemically profiled by GC\u2013MS and evaluated for antibacterial activity, antioxidant capacity, wound-healing efficacy in mice, and histological anti-inflammatory effects, and evaluated semi-quantitatively based on the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration. GC\u2013MS identified 13 compounds and demonstrated clear diet-dependent shifts in dominant components. All mucus samples exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium (inhibition zones 10.31\u201314.30 mm; MIC 120\u2013240 \u00b5g\/mL), with predominantly bactericidal profiles (MBC\/MIC &lt; 4) and significantly enhanced activity in plant-supplemented groups (p &lt; 0.05). Antioxidant performance improved markedly with medicinal-plant supplementation, reaching low IC50 values (best \u2248 1.18 mg\/mL) compared with basal-diet mucus. In vivo, topical application accelerated wound closure, achieving complete healing in &lt;21 days, versus 28 days in untreated controls. In addition, histological assessment showed faster resolution of inflammatory cell infiltration in treated groups. Collectively, these findings provide the first integrated evidence that O. tingitana mucus possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, wound-healing, and anti-inflammatory activities, and that heliciculture diet is a practical lever to optimize its bioactive profile. Further studies should prioritize standardized manufacturing, contaminant control, and safety\/toxicology assessment before translational development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31091499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T12:20:25Z","timestamp":1777551625000},"page":"1499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diet-Dependent Chemical Profiling and Bioactivity of Otala tingitana Mucus: Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Capacity, and In Vivo Wound-Healing Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7068-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelmajid El","family":"Khayari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team: Cell Signaling, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50050, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1272-0637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman Mohammed","family":"Alhudhaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elhabib","family":"Rour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team: Cell Signaling, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50050, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziz","family":"Bouymajane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Resources, Environment and Health Team, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia 52000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarek H.","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fouzia","family":"Rhazi Filali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50050, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0549-249X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad M.","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3273-1767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelaziz","family":"Ed-Dra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Engineering and Applied Technologies, Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2015.0635","article-title":"Challenges in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds","volume":"4","author":"Frykberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. 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